ANTELOPE wunts, wuntsee'puhts. This animal was a favorite game animal. Jimmy Timmican showed me an antelope run southeast of Loa, Utah, that his ancestors used. The run consisted of low rows of rocks running for a considerable distance and ending in a narrow funnel shape. Occasional piles of rocks for people to hide behind were scattered at intervals along the run. The rocks were permanent landscape features so the antelope would become accustomed to them. The rocks were situated so that hidden Indians could rise up with a blanket to scare the fleeing antelope if they sought to break through the sides of the run. The antelope were being spooked in the direction of the narrow funnel-like section of rocks where the antelope would have to crowd together and slow down. Armed men would hide behind the rocks in this narrow place and rise up and shoot the antelope as they crowed through the funnel.

ARMADILLO punu' tuhmpee nando (lit, iron rock clothes). The name is derived from the hard body cover of the armadillo.

BADGER oon', oonum'puhts. Badger fur was used for moccasin tops (on the toe) and its hide used as moccasin soles when thicker hides couldn't be obtained. Badgers were also favored as pets and when raised from youth "they would follow you around like a dog."

BEAR kweyu'hunt, kweuts' (kweuts is the word for rattlesnake at Moapa). The bear is also referred to as kawgoon', or kawgoots' (maternal grandmother). "The bear doesn't like to be called kweyu'hunt. She likes to be called kawgoots' (Minnie Jake). Call her kawgoots when you are near her and kweyu'hunt when she can't hear you. Maybe she likes to be called kawgoots because she likes to go about her own business unmolested." Eagle Valley, Minnie Jake. Jimmy Timmican used the word Kawgoon.

BEAR (Black) too'kwawdum kweyu'hunt, too'kweyu'hunt (lit, black bear).

BEAR (Brown) undo'kwawdum kweyu'hunt (lit, brown bear).

BEAR (Grizzly) tosaw' kweuts (lit, white bear).

BEAVER paoons'.

BILLY GOAT savaw'toots. Sawvaw'toots was Frank Beckwith's Indian name. He was the well-known writer from Delta, Utah, who wrote a lot about the Kanosh Band of Paiutes.

BOBCAT tookoo'puhts, took'. Bobcats were eaten; "They tasted like pork." Eagle Valley, Minnie Jake.

BUFFALO

1. Moahoy' kootch (lit, blanket cow) Kaibab.

2. Tuhdu' kootch (lit, desert cow) Kanosh.

"At one time, there used to be buffalo around the ledges on the north side of the Colorado River near the Kaibab Mountains. Over-anxious Hopi or Hualapai ate them before they could increase and they became extinct. Soonungwuv placed them there. Old timers say you could dig down a little ways and still find their manure." Kaibab, Morris Jake.

CHIPMUNK The following chipmunks or ground squirrels were not fully identified.

1. Tawvawts' (two stripes).

2. Oy'oychuts' (two stripes).

3. Onchop'.

CHISELER

1. Kuhmp'pawts (Kanosh).

2. Spees, sepees'.

3. Chuhpeesh' (Koosharem).

"Chiseler" is a local name. This animal was eaten and was common in both the Koosharem and Kanosh area. It could be a ground squirrel, prairie dog, or something similar. Jimmy Timmican calls it chuhpeesh and says it's like a gopher and good to eat, and he says the white men call it kweemp as pronounced by the Paiutes. I'm unsure of spelling and haven't been able to find chiseler or kweemp in any animal books. (Martineau)

CHUCKWALLA Sauomalus obesus chukwawd'. The modern word "chuckwalla" comes from the Paiute name. This lizard has a lot of meat on its tail and was eaten by the Shivwits. When pursued it will seek safety in a crack of a rock and inflate itself so that it can't be pulled out. It would often have to be punctured in order to extract it. Paiutes carried a special pointed stick for this purpose. Chuckwallas were roasted in ashes and then eaten.

COLLARD LIZARD (Black) Crotaphphytus insularis, chungunts'.

COTTONTAIL Sylvilagus tawvoot's. A popular meat among Paiutes. The cottontail

often runs into holes when chased and in such cases a stick was pushed into the

rabbit's fur and twisted causing it to cling to the rabbit so it could be pulled out.

COUGAR, MOUNTAIN LION peu' dook, peu' tookoop' (lit, big cat).

COYOTE

1. Suhnuv, soonuv.

2. Yoho'vuhts (Lit. one who always has intercourse probably another name for

the deity Soonung'wuv.)        .

3. Soonung'wuv (a legendary deity who was once human).

"Coyote and owl are messengers telling you about something that's going to happen someplace else. For this reason they are not killed." Kaibab, Morris Jake. "If a coyote cries three times in a row during the day it's a bad sign." Indian Peak, Clifford Jake.

DEER (Mule) tuh'euts, tuh'ee. A popular meat among all Paiutes. The biggest of the two-point bucks has a special name. It is called soowees'. Koosharem, Jimmy Timmican. The marrow in the lower front leg of a deer was used as a lotion and hair tonic. Marrow in rear lower leg wasn't eaten as it made runners weak. Paiutes also did not eat the bone meat where ribs connect at chest or the thin layer of meat hanging over the belly area. Koosharem, Vera Charles.

DEER (White-tailed) chigoos', chegoop', chegoots'. "There used to be a deer in the Sevier Valley before the white man came. It was called chigoos'. Its rump was whiter and its tail bushier than the mule deer." Koosharem, Jimmy Timmican.

ELK pahtuh'ee (lit, water deer). The animal was eaten and the hides used for clothing and tipi covers (Indian Peak and Kaibab).

GILA MONSTER Heloderma suspectum hawtsee'mo. The Shivwits say that this gila monster "turns over in order to bite a person. Both types were eaten as a food believing that it made a person light complexioned and helped you live longer." Shivwits, Eunice Tillahash.

GILA MONSTER (Banded) Heloderma cinctum etseev'. Eaten by the Shivwits.

GOPHER Thomomys, muheyuhm'puhts.

HORNED TOAD, SHORT-HORNED LIZARD Phrynosoma mukaw'chuts. It is believed that if you kill a horned toad it will rain and the wind will blow hard. For this reason, a Paiute will not kill a horned toad unless he wants it to rain. "If you are out in the desert and become thirsty, put a horned toad in your shirt pocket and your thirst will be eased and you will not be thirsty." Indian Peak, Carl Jake.

HORSE kuvawts' (Spanish caballo). "The horse was eaten; it tastes salty. Its hide was used for mats and its tail used in tipis in recent times to hang combs in." Eagle Valley, Minnie Jake.

JACKRABBIT kumoonts'. The jackrabbit was a very common food, even the meat on the head was eaten. Jackrabbits with blisters under the hide were not eaten. Jackrabbits were commonly hunted in rabbit drives where they were driven into nets and clubbed. They were also hunted with rabbit sticks made of oak and shaped similar to a boomerang.

A recent favorite way of hunting them at Kaibab was on horseback when the snow was just deep enough to hinder the rabbit from outrunning a horse. Each rider had two rabbit sticks and when a rabbit was routed the horsemen gave chase trying to kill it by throwing their rabbit sticks at the running rabbit. Kaibab, Ernest Mose.

The blue thing on a rabbit's liver, combined with something else, was used for arrowhead poison. Kaibab, Morris Jake and Indian Peak, Carl Jake.

Rabbit hides were worn with yucca sandals to keep the feet warm during the winter when the snow was slushy.

JUMPING MOUSE Zapus princeps paiyuhm 'puhts.

KANGAROO RAT Dipodomys tawwee'uts.

LIZARD sekoo'peets (the name for most lizards in general).

MAMMOTH, MASTODON mooyai sevee'u. Jimmy Timmican told me a story of a large animal once seen in the Sevier River near Joseph, Utah. This animal was large with his head hanging down and had never been seen before. The animal was called "mooyai sevee'u." Mooyai means to hang down the head and sevee'u was the name of the animal. The Paiutes named the Sevier River "Sevee'u" after this animal. The whites Anglicized it to Sevier.

It is doubtful that this name referred to the buffalo as the Paiutes were acquainted with this animal and called it moahoy' kootch and tuhdu' kootch. Anglo informants claim there were buffalo wallows and bones in the area in the 1870s. It is questionable that they had seen a wondering buffalo and named the river after it. Place names are often very old, therefore an animal other than the buffalo would be the most likely candidate for this name. There is a nearby petroglyph depicting a mammoth or mastodon that could account for this tentative identification.

MOOSE paiyoo'kwutch.

MOUNTAIN GOAT kai'tos (Moapa and Las Vegas).

MOUNTAIN SHEEP nawk', nahgah'. Mountain sheep were hunted from blinds in the Moapa area. They were also attracted within archery range by the imitated sounds of bunting horns made by two men hitting clubs together near the mountain tops.

Mountain sheep horns were used for bows, spoons, dippers, and arrow wrenches.

The Shivwits have a Mountain Sheep Dance (see Paiute Dances).

MOUSE pooee'chuts.

MUSKRAT pawdung'wunt.

PACK RAT kawts. Used as a meat product particularly in the Grand Canyon area where other foods were lacking. Kaibab, Morris Jake.

PORCUPINE yoongoom'puhts, yuhuhm'puhts. The quills were used for quillwork. The porcupine is the one who owns and hides the wild game. When you shoot a porcupine say to him, "I wouldn't have killed you if you would have given me some animals." Indian Peak, Johnny Jake.

PRAIRIE DOG aiah'vuhts. This was a favorite food among Paiutes. The hide would be left on and a slit made along the stomach so that the intestines could be removed. The stomach would then be laced back together with a green stick. The fur was burned off and then the prairie dog would be placed on hot coals and roasted. The burnt skin would be peeled off and not eaten. Kaibab.

RACCOON yumus'uts.

RINGTAIL CAT Bassariscus astutus moosoon' tookoopuhts.

ROCKCHUCK, YELLOWBELLY MARMOT yu'uhm'puhts, yu'um'puhts. A popular food among the Paiutes. It was cooked the same way as prairie dogs. "When your wife is pregnant you shouldn't hunt woodchucks. The reason is that when you shoot a woodchuck and he falls down into his hole he is sometimes hard to pull out. This means your baby will not come out easy." Indian Peak, Clifford Jake.

SKUNK poanee', Po'oonee.

SNOWSHOE RABBIT tosaw’kawm (lit, white rabbit). The snowshoe rabbit was eaten and the hide used for white rabbit-skin blankets or white blankets spotted with black. The hides were tanned and sewn together since they were stronger than jackrabbit hides and didn't rip (see crafts).

SQUIRREL (Flying) Glaucomys sabrinus oahon' tawvawts (lit, pine squirrel). This squirrel has the same name as the white-tailed squirrel on the Kaibab Mountains.

SQUIRREL (Gray) Sciurus griseus ung'kuchawn.

SQUIRREL (Red) Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ungkaw' sekoots' (lit, red squirrel).

SQUIRREL (White-tailed) Sciurus kaibabensis oahon' tawvawts (lit, pine

squirrel). This is the white-tailed squirrel found on the Kaibab Mountains. Kaibab,

Morris Jake.

SQUIRREL (Rock) Spermophilus variegatus sekoots'.

TORTOISE (Desert) Gopherus agassizii aiyu', Aiyah, pee'kai. The desert tortoise was a favorite food among the Shivwits, Moapa, and Las Vegas bands.

WEASEL pawvee'tseets.

WOLF

1. Kwetoo'unuv (lit, master wolf)

2. Peah' suhnuv (lit, big coyote)

3. Toovuts (This word refers to wolf in the sense of God)

UNIDENTIFIED ANIMAL pawkai'okos.

UNIDENTIFIED LIZARD chuai' muuv. A big lizard found at Bull Springs in Western Iron County, Utah.

UNIDENTIFIED LIZARD moogwee'uts "a brown lizard with a long tail."

UNIDENTIFIED LIZARD aitawk' oovuhts (lit, one who disappears).

UNIDENTIFIED LIZARD yookwee'vuhts.