THE SOUTHERN PAIUTE LANGUAGE
DICTIONARY
COUNTING
SENTENCES
IDIOMS
EXPRESSIONS

NUWU LANGUAGE

People who have never studied Indian languages may suppose that the Indians are at the bottom of the scale in their ability to express a wide range of thoughts like the English language, because of the so-called "savage" nature of the American Indian. Since the very first contact between Europeans and Indians, certain elements of the European population always deemed themselves superior to the Indian.

History books are filled with their statements classifying American Indians as "savages" not worthy of the same status and human rights as the rest of humanity. The conquerors used this lower status as an excuse to give them the moral right to run rampant over the Indian in taking away their land.

There is still an attempt to belittle the intelligence of the American Indian concerning their language, picture writing, and sign language. However, there are those scholars who have made in-depth studies and come up with findings that present a clear picture of the intelligence of the American Indian. Scholars at the Smithsonian have written: "Suffice it to note that the American Indian languages, as finished systems, can express fully as wide a range of thought as can the languages of Europe" (Kopper 1986, p. 62).

If you were to make a word count of words presently in use in the English language, as compared to those in an Indian language, English would far exceed Indian in word count, but not in the ability of expression. The reason for this higher word count in English is that English has borrowed a very large amount of words from numerous other languages, including American Indian languages, but more particularly from the Latin and Greek. Deduct all these borrowed words from English, and then watch the word count diminish. It is the quality of expression of any language that really counts, not quantity.

In this work, Martineau devised the Southern Paiute Dictionary to make it easier for those without a college degree to read and write Paiute. This dictionary is designed especially for Indians, in avoiding the use of special characters that aren't found on a typewriter so that this language could be typed on a typewriter. Therefore, it confines the expression of the Paiute alphabet to the 26 letters of the English alphabet.

The dictionary is in alphabetical order, according to the English translation of the words, to make it easier for the reader to find the words they are looking for. This work matches the English word closest to the Paiute equivalent to make it easier to look up. This might not always be entirely grammatically correct but is more as an Indian would interpret the word into English. It would be much simpler to compile this dictionary using the Indian word first, in alphabetical order, but this would make it extremely difficult for anyone who doesn't understand Paiute to find anything.

In most Indian languages many words are seldom used alone but rather combined with other words, such as mooun' (my father). You never hear an Indian say moo' for father; it sounds foreign. The structure of Indian languages and their use of verb phrases with hundreds of prefixes and suffixes, means that there are very few fixed and rigid separate words in the language. To write the full conjugation of one Paiute word would be very time consuming. The language is copious, flexible and expressive. Because of this it is sometimes difficult to break up Indian sentences into their various word elements as some of them never stand alone. Some words are broken up with a space in many of the more apparent examples. However, it is not always consistent in breaking up the same word as it tends to make the reader want to read it in a choppy manner with a slight break between syllables. The reader shouldn't do this. The syllables and short word elements all should be spoken together in a smooth flow. The attempt here is to keep the sentences decently short, and break them up where it might be the most beneficial to the reader who has no access to actually hearing Paiute spoken. Whenever there is a short vowel at the end of a word, then the two adjoining words should definitely be smoothed together as one. If there is a long vowel at the end of a word then there is a slight break.

The reader will often find several variations in the way a word is said. Sometimes these variations occur due to language structure and other times they are normal variations as those found in English. When variations are included, they are not guesses as to how they are pronounced. One must remember that present-day Paiute is a conglomerate of several minor dialects, which also accounts for some of the variations.

This work could attempt to pattern its dictionary after Sapir's 1930 book Southern Paiute, A Shoshonean Language, with a complete break-down of the words with all their aspirations and numerous special characters. Then, as with his book, you would have to speak Latin, German, Gaelic, and French to know the key to the sounds. He also breaks up the words into so many small pieces that it becomes difficult for the non-linguist to grasp. The Paiute language is constructed this way, but it is believed here that it is easier to grasp such examples in sentence form. His book is good in this respect, but is limited in usefulness to a few of the best linguists. This dictionary is written for the Indian and the average student. Those who want Sapir's type of work may refer to his book. Although it analyzes the language from a linguist's viewpoint it has its faults, wrong translations, omitted initial sounds, and other mistakes since he didn't speak the language. However, it is a very good work despite these shortcomings, and far exceeds the one here by Martineau in understanding linguistic principles. Sapir based his work on legends and therefore omits many of the common everyday words. The design here is to fill in much of that gap.

This dictionary isn't complete nor are all the tenses of each word given. It comes from Martineau's personal notes first started by him in the 1940's. He spoke Paiute fluently and wrote these notes to keep a record for himself, making them consistent so that others could understand them.

Many of the words in this dictionary come from much older Paiutes born in the last century and forgotten by the present generation, most of whom only speak a pidgin Paiute. One of the purposes of this dictionary is to preserve many of those words never before published and even forgotten by the present generation. Today no one younger than fifty speaks the language; of those that still do, many of them speak in a pidgin fashion. Those who do speak it very fluently find very few to converse with. Therefore they've forgotten many of the old words that there is no occasion to use today. Special thanks is given to the following individuals who were among the most fluent speakers at the time these notes were taken and for their help in going over portions of this dictionary: Smith Bushhead, Warren Bushhead, Eunice Tillahash and Marilyn Jake (Shivwits), Vera Charles (Koosharem), and Earl Pikyavit (Kanosh).

The accents of yesterday have pretty well blended into one due to intermarriage between bands and the constant intermingling. Remnants of band accents and words peculiar to certain bands (which are noted when they occur) still exist, but the difference in accents is very minimal today. It is noticed that Kanosh and Koosharem seem to use the sound "ts" often in place of "eh" so common at Kaibab, Cedar City, and southward. To say this is the rule would be wrong as the Shivwits and other bands often use both sounds, as does Kanosh and Koosharem.

The "eh" sound is more common at Kaibab, Cedar City and Indian Peaks, and southward. The different variants of many of the words are given here, but due to the extent of intermarriage and intermingling there is no attempt to distinguish band origins of some of these words as it would only be guessing. When there is assigned band differences then they were observed or they were told specifically by other Paiutes. In some cases these variants are pidgin Paiute incorrectly pronounced by the younger bilingual generation where English took precedence.

Martineau started learning Paiute from members of the Cedar City, Indian Peaks, and Shivwits bands living at Cedar City in the 1940s and early 1950s. When he married Doris Kanosh of the Koosharem band he learned a lot more from her. She spoke the Koosharem dialect with a very noticeable "ts" accent since she was raised by her grandmother Florence Timmican Kanosh from the Koosharem band. However, Doris's mother was of the Indian Peak Band so some blending of accents had occurred. Many of the sentences with the "ts" sound in the section on Paiute sentences were given by Doris.

The Koosharem accent is more akin to Northern Ute than to Shivwits although they have no trouble in understanding each other. The Koosharem accent lacks the occasional "r" and "f' found among the Ute. The Willow Springs, Arizona, accent is closer to Paiute than Ute.

Sentence examples are given here in many places to help those who want to study the language more thoroughly.

Words that are peculiar to one band are noted with the band name following the word. When a Moapa word or accent is given then in most cases it also applies to Las Vegas and Chemehuevi. When Chemehuevi is given then in most cases the word also applies to Moapa and Las Vegas.

With all the intermarriage it is sometimes hard to tell which words are peculiar to certain bands since they are often borrowed by others as the old Paiute diminishes in the wake of Pidgin Paiute. In many cases where a word is peculiar to one band, they know and use the more common words for the same thing as used by other bands. When it is listed two ways of saying one word and one of the words is assigned to one band then it should be assumed that the other word is common to all the bands. However, there could be some exceptions to this.

ACCUSTOMED TO IT: wee'unee

ACCIDENT, WRECKED:

1. Nawvuk'ung (to be killed in a car wreck, shooting, fall, etc.)

He killed himself: Nawvuk'ai, nawvuk'aing

2. Wrecked: poong'kwunt

ACHE (see pain)

ACROSS (see over and other side)

ACT (see do)

ACTING SMART: naw'hawvus

ADD (see put with)

ADOBE: tawvus'oop weuv (dry mud)

AFRAID, FRIGHTENED, SURPRISED:

1. yaw'vawghai

I'm afraid: yaw'vawghaiun

2. Suhdee'u

I'm afraid: sudee'unchun

You scared me: suhdee'u tuhchunee

AFTER WHILE: see later

AFTER, BEHIND, IN BACK OF: Awvee'nungk, awvee'nawp

After New Year's, New Year's: awvee'nawpawchuhk

The one that always sits behind the post office: post office awvee'nungkwup kawduh'meent

AGAIN, REPEAT: -wuhsuh'

Do it again: ooneng'wuhsoouk, ooneng'oos (a shortened baby talk way of saying the same thing).

AGAVE Agave utahensis eyunt', nunt (shortened from eyunt')

Agave canyon: nuntaw' ooweep

AGE (see winter)

AHEAD, IN FRONT: (see leading) wawmee'tuh

Don't get ahead of us: kawtch nuhm'ee wawmee'tuh whawvungwai

Don't get ahead of me: kawtch nuh wawmee'tuh whawvungwai

AID (see assist)

AIM (to): waw'vuhnee

Aiming: waw'vuhnekai

AIR, BREATH: soowup'

ALDER (THINLEAF): pawwhay'uv

ALIGHT (see hit)

ALIKE, SAME KIND: toahoy' nudoo-ai

Same amount: toahoy'nawvai

Same kind: toahoy' nawdoo'ud

ALIVE (see living)

ALKALI: mawsump

ALL BROKEN UP: poaduh'duhkwaip

ALL THE TIME (see always)

ALL: munok', muno'nee, muno'kos

Everything, everybody: puaw' munok

ALLUVIAL FAN (see base of mountain)

ALMOST, NEARLY: soowaw'

I almost fell: soowaw' kwepu'chun

ALONE, SEPARATELY, EACH, EVERY, ONESELF: nonohs', nawnohs'

ALONG: -pa-hai

Eating along: tuhkaw' pa-hai

ALREADY, PRIOR, EARLIER, JUST PAST:

1. Ono'

I Just arrived: ono pee'chukunt

2. I'm already dancing: oowee'tus (from wee’tuhmp old)

ALSO, TOO: -khai'nee

Me too: nuh' khainee

You too: emee' khainee

ALWAYS DOES: -meent

It always does like that: muneng'oomeent

Always does like me: nuh'pu ooneng'oomeent

It always stops: tuhdus'ukoa meent

ALWAYS, CONTINUALLY, ALL THE TIME:

1. Yuh'sump

They keep asking: tuh'sump tooveeng'woont

Keeps telling it: tuhsump tuhneunk'oomeent

2. Nanduh'vee

AMEN, LET IT BE, SO BE IT:

1. Let that which I said go through: oo'puk oodoo'awvaw umpaw'haw nunuhd

2. Let it come true: tooveets'eek oodoo'awvaw

3. Let it turn the way I said: oo'puk tuhkai'vaw ai'nun uhd

AMERICAN, WHITE MAN (Eng. American):

1. Mawdeeng'kun, mawduh’kawts

2. Haiko (Moapa and Las Vegas; of Mojave derivation)

AMONG THEM: awmuh'ukavvv (see some)

Among the rocks: tuhmpee' awhawv

AMOUNT:

1. -ee'tuhnee, -ee'tuhmuhnee.

2. This amount: e'vaiunee (from ee'vai here)

3. That amount: oo'vaiunee (from oo 'vai there)

Numbers 2 and 3 are normally used with pointing gestures as one would say in English, "Fill it to here."

AMPHITHEATER: (cliffs in a broad semi-circular shape): awvoo'uv

ANCESTORS: ee'nuhng (lit, long ago Indians)

ANCIENT (see old)

AND, WITH: (see with) -engwu

John and the Navajos: John ung pu-hawng'weets engwu

with The Navajos: pu-hawng'weets engwu

ANGLE (see uneven)

ANGRY, MAD, TO SCOLD: nungai'ai

He's/she's angry: nungai'ai ung

He's/she's scolding me: nungu'mai ungun

Angry at me: nuhnai nungu'mu

ANIMAL: puawv'

ANKLE:

1. tawweench'

Your ankle: tawngwen 'chohom

2. Your ankle: kaw'uhoym

3. Your ankle: tawsuhmp'echum hoatomp'awchun (is the back bone at ankle level)

ANOTHER (see different)

ANTELOPE: wunts, wuntsee'puhts

ANTLION LARVAE, DOODLEBUG: myrmeleontidae kuhuh'toanoyntch

ANTS (collectively): tawsee'uv

ANY: paw-

Any amount: paw no'pai

Any time: paw nok'

ANYPLACE, ANYWHERE: paw hu'vawntuh

I'll see you anyplace: paw'huvuh nawvuh'nekaivum

ANYTHING: paw haw'duh

ANYTIME, SOMETIMES: naaw'kawnos, naaw'tuhmpu

APACHE PLUME Fallugia paradoxa: meah'puh oonup'

APPEAR, EMERGE INTO VIEW: mungwee'see (For any celestial body to emerge from beneath the horizon, for an animal to emerge from its den, or for someone to come into view over the horizon or from around a bend)

Sunrise: tahvai mungwee'see

He's appearing: mungwee'suchung

APPLES (Eng. apple): aw'pawdoos

APRON: pekwun

APRIL: tawmu'muhunts (lit, spring moon). Spring begins in March in the St George and Las Vegas areas so the spring moon could vary according to the area.

ARAPAHOE: Sawdeets'ekuts (lit. Dog Eaters)

ARBOR, SHADE HOUSE: awvaw' kawnee

ARGUE (to) QUARREL: nunu'ai, nawvu'chungwai

Nawvu'tsuwee (Kanosh)

Arguing nawnaw'ung wuhchung

ARIZONA (Eng. Arizona): awdu'so

ARM (from shoulder to wrist)

1. Puhd-, puhdu-'

Your arm: puhdum'

2. Upper arm: unguv

ARMADILLO: punu'tuhmpee nahdo (lit. iron rock clothes)

ARMPIT

1. Kuhtsuhk', kuhchuh'eets

2. Awsoam (lit. salty)

ARMPIT ODOR: kunchuh'eets pono'ai

AROUND (to go around something): aaw'ketuhk

ARRIVE: pechuh', peech'

Arrived: peech'ukunt

Arrived (past tense): pechuh'puhkunt

When did you arrive?: Eem hunok'u peech?

He/she never arrived yet: kawchung' pechuhng'wais

When are you arriving?: Hunok pechuh' vawntus?

When does he arrive?: hunok' oa pechuh'mee?

ARROGANT: peunk'

ARROW WRENCH: kuh'eyok

ARROW: hookwee'oo, oo'

ARROWHEAD: wunup'

ASH TREE Fraxinus: wawmpeep'

ASHES: kootsup' (Kanosh)

Koochup' (Shivwits)

ASK: tooveeng'ee

Ask him: tooveng'eyung

Ask for it: tooveech'oouk

Ask me: tooveeng'een

ASSEMBLE (animals): kwuhchoomp'

They assembled: kwuhchoomp'ekainum

ASSEMBLE, MEETING, POW WOW, GATHERING (for people to assemble for a meeting or some event).

1. Soo'pawdoy, soo'pawdoai

They will have a gathering: soo'pao vawnahdoong

When are they going to meet?: huhok'u soopadoovawnee?

2. Na-hawd'uhee

ASSIST, HELP, AID: mawduh'ai

Help him/her: mawduh'ai ung, mawduh'aing, mawduh'aing wung

ATTACKING

1. A group going towards to do: mamoon'wuntoowun ooneen

2. Coming to do: unekunguduhm

AUGUST (lit, fall moon): yoovun'umuts

AUNT

1. Paaw-'

His or her aunt: paawng'

Your aunt: pawawm'

Niece (reciprocal): paawts'

My aunt: paawn'

Aunts: pauv'eng

2. Nuhmpee'uts

AUTOMOBILE (Eng. automobile)

1. Awdum'peid

2. Aiyum'ooveep (Moapa)

AUTUMN, FALL: yoovun'

It's getting fall: yoovun'uteuk

AWAKEN (see wake up)

AWFUL (see ugly)

AWL: weeoovb

AXE

1. Kwepu'nump (lit, hitting thing).

2. Tavee'nump (lit, hitting thing) These words can mean anything used to hit with, even a stick.

BAPTIZE (to)

1. To go under the water: pah'enaw yowk'w

2. Washed: paduh'kekunt

3. Baptize him: pah dook'wetook'wung (lit, put him under the water)

BABY

1. New born: kengaw'peets

2. A little bigger than a new born: pee'sots, pe'shoats

3. Pe'veets. (Eng. baby):

BACK:

1. O'-awv'

Your back: o'-awm'

2. Humped portion of back: saiyu-

BACKBONE: O'-oh'um

BACKWARD: pe'meetook

BAD, NO GOOD: uhvuh', uhvuh'nee

Whiskey: uhvuh'upaw (lit, bad water)

You're no good: eem vuh'upuhwuhnee

BADGER: oonum-puhts, oon

Badgers: oonum'puhtsengw

BAG (see sack)

BALD:

1. Tuhnuh'kunt

2. Tuh'du hawd

BALD EAGLE: pawngwu'

BALL: paw'ko-oonump (Koosharem)

BANK: punu' kawdee kawn (lit, money house)

BANNOCK: punaik’kee

BARELY ABLE, CAN'T HARDLY: muhsuh', mootsoo'

Barely able to do it: oonee' muhsoo'ee

Can't hardly nurse it: pechuh' muhsoo'ee ook

Can't hardly carry it: yungwee' muhsoo'ee

BARK (from a juniper tree): moawhup'

BARK (of a tree): awsee'uk (from awsee' skin)

BARKING (of a dog): o'-oh'hoy, ko-oh'gwai

Don't bark: ko'-oh'gwaiup

BARREN, NAKED, DESOLATE, DESERT, IN THE OPEN, OUTSIDE: tuh'du

Flat desert: tuh'du yooawv

BASE OF CLIFF: kawnuh'guts

BASE OF THE MOUNTAIN:

1. Pengwuv

At the foot of the mountain: pewaw'

Further down (on the alluvial fan): pewuv'

2. tuhung'w

At the base of a mountain: tuhung'wu vaiuk

3. Foot of the hills: kawnuh'guts

BASHFUL: tookwee'ai

BASKET (bowl shaped cooking basket): yuh-up'

BASKET CAP: suh'uh' kaichuhots (lit. squawbush hat)

BAT: pawchuts'

1. Pawtsuts' (Kanosh)

2. Pawchuv'ookaip (bat who once was)

BATHE: (see wash)

BE (to): -e’kai

Will be: -ekai'vu

When its getting to be sundown: tahvai' yowk ekhaik

BE QUIET: ai'nekai

BEADS: tchoy, tsoy

BEANS: muhdee', modee', muhdee'vees

(not used at Koosharem)

BEAR: kweuts' kweyu'hunt

BEAR DANCE: maw'kon

BEARD (see whiskers)

BEATING (to beat a drum): kwepum'weai

BEAVER: paoons'

BECAUSE: oonee'ku

BECOME, TO TURN INTO, CAUSE TO HAPPEN, TO TAKE PLACE (to): -tuhkai' -tuhkaw'oong, tuhkungw, tuhkaik

Became: -tuhkung'wepuhku

It turned out no good: uhvuh' tuhkung'uhpuhku

He's becoming crazy: unoo'pee tuhkaw'oong

BED: awvee'tu, awvee'nump (lit, lying thing)

BEE: whawtsuv', wee’chuv

BEER (Eng. beer): be'uh

BEFORE (see first)

BEHIND (see after and kite)

BELIEVE, OBEY, FAITH, TRUST: tooveets'ekai

Believe him, have faith in him, trust him: tooveets'ekaiung

I believe it: tooveets'e kaiuhkwun nuh

Don't believe him: tooveets'e kawngwaim

Believe him: tooveets' ekaioom

Believe in Jesus: tooveets'ekung Jesus ee

Believe in Him: tooveets'ekawd oong

BELLY BUTTON: sekoo', sekoots'

Your belly button: segoom'

BELLY, STOMACH: sawkoy'u

Your belly: sawkway'awm

BELONGING TO: (suff.) -udun'

BELOW, UNDER: udoo'kwut

To go under the water: pah udook'we toovai

BELT: naw' whechup (lit. self-wrap)

BEND OVER. to bend over while on your knees: poong'kwai toovu (from poo'kwai, to stoop)

BENT: soayaw'-

Bent: soayaw'kai

Its bent: soayaw'e chuk, soayaw'etsuk

BERRIES (from serviceberry bush): toowump'eev

BESIDE: -u'vai

Beside him/her: mung u'vaiook

BET (see wager)

BETWEEN, MIDDLE, CENTER, CLEFT: nuduh'yu, naduh'euk

BEWARE (see watch out)

BIG DIPPER: tosaw'kawm (lit, white jackrabbit)

BIG SAGE: kawhup'

BIG TOE: taw'to

BIG:

1. Peow'

Big person: peow' vuhwuhnee

Big ones (plural): pevee 'owvuhnee

2. Big: awvawt

BIGGEST: awvaw'tuhmus, awvaw 'tuhm

BILLY GOAT: savaw'toots

BIRDS (collectively): wetseech', wecheech'

BIRTH (see parturition)

BITE (to): kuhuh'ee

Bite into it: kuhee'vu

BITTER (in a distasteful sense): mou’kawmunt, mou'kawmai

BLACK:

1.Too', too 'kwawd

Black one: too'kwawdum

Black: toopaw'hawdum (Chemehuevi)

2. A dirty greasy black: yoovees'u hawd

BLACK BEAR: tookwawdum kweyu'hunt, too' kweyu'hunt

BLACK SAGE: Artemisia nova ungkaw'po sawngwuv

BLACK WIDOW SPIDER: too hoo'kwump (lit, black spider)

BLACKBIRD, RED-WINGED, Agelaius phoeniceus: pawhaw'chukup, pawhawn'tsukup (Koosharem)

BLADDER:

1. Pukwee'

2. Se'-ee' koonuv (lit, urine sack)

BLANKET, QUILT:

1. Muhdoo'ee

2. Moahoy'

BLAZINGSTAR, Mentzelia albicaulis: koo-oo'

BLESS (see fan with feathers)

BLIND: pooee'ait (lit, no eyes)

BLOATED (see round)

BLOOD (that has jelled or thickened): kuhchawng

BLOOD VEIN: pao'tawngweem

BLOOD: paop'ee, pauhp'

BLOODSUCKER: suhum'ohots

BLOOMING: suh'uh'enawk, suheech'

BLOSSOM, FLOWER:

1. Saeent', suheenk'uhee, suhng'uhee

Yellow blossom: o-aw'saeent

2. Nanaw'kawdout

BLOW, PANT (to): pookwee'

To tell someone to blow: pookweeng'oa

BLUE, GREEN: sawkhwaw'kai, sawkhwaw' (many Indian tribes have the same name for blue and green).

Green/blue one: sawkhwaw' hawd

BLUEBIRD, Sialia: nawnchoots'

BOARD, STICK, WOODEN: oveemp'

BOAT: awvee'sok (lit, lies flat on the water)

BOBCAT: tookoo'puhts, took'

BODY: nengwoo'uv

Your body: nengwoom'

BOIL:

Just starting to boil: noanoa'yok

Going to boil: sa'ai'

Boiling: koanoa'oycoy

Boiled: sa'awp'

BOLT:

To bolt as a horse does in fright or in a race: pontsee'nai

It's bolting, it's taking off: pontsee'nawm

BONE: o'-ohv'

BORN (see parturition)

BORROW (see copy)

BOTH (see together)

BOTHERING, TEASING: ma-whus'senkuhee

BOTTOM: tuhnawv'

It's bottom: tuhnawk'

BOUNCING: yuhntsuh'khai. (To bounce up and down and back and forth in a stationary position).

Bouncing along: yuhntsuh'kawhai (an example is bouncing up and down on horseback while riding along).

BOW STRING: pakaw'way

BOW: awtch, awts

Your bow: awchuhm'

BOWL:

1. basketry bowl used for food: koats (Smaller ones had another name).

Your bowl: koatseem'

2. Ohots'

BOXELDER, Acer negundo: pawhoy'uv, pawkhoy'uv

BOY SCOUT: soeets' echuh'kwunt

BOY: ai'puts

Boys (plural): ai'putseng

BRAID (see weave): sekwaw'ai, segwu'ai

BRAINS: chuhpeek', chuhpeek'eev

BRANCH, LIMB: papaw-duhngkai

BRAVE, STRONG, SUPERIOR, GREAT, TOUGH, INVINCIBLE, ABLE: suhpee'ait, supee’tseup

One who is great supee'ait uhm

BREAD (Span. pan): pawn'udoop, pawn'u, pahna

Bread maker: pawn'udoots

BREAK:

1. To break a stick in two or to break off a limb: moahup'enuk

Broken in two: kopok'w

Broken: pupawng',

2. To break one piece at a time: spoad'oawuk, tsispoad'ouk

3. To break into many pieces or to rip or break apart as something is forced through: tapuhk', tapuhts', tapuhts'een

I broke it open: tapuhk'eenupun

It ripped: tapuhk'enuk

BREATH: soowup'

Breathing: sowaw 'kai

BREECH CLOTH: kwusee'ugup

BRIDGE: paw avawk'enump (lit, water crossing thing)

BRIDLE: tuhmpai'ukhup

BRIGHAM TEA: Ephedra ootoop'

BRIGHT: tavai'oonee

BRING IT, GET IT: yah'vai oongwuk (compare take it back) went and got it yah'vai engwuhts

BROAD CHESTED, THICK (a person or animal): hoacoan'tuh muhnee (lit. thick one)

BROOMRAPE, Orobanche fasciculata: too-oo'

BROTHER:

1. Elder brother: pavee', paveets'

2. Younger brother: chukaits'

BROTHER-IN-LAW:

1. Nawntaw' mooun, yutaw' mooum

2. Tawn tungwuv'

BROTHERS: nawvuv'ets eengw, nawvuv'ewu

BROWN BEAR :undo' kweuts (lit. brown bear)

BROWN: undok'kwawd, undok'

Brown one: undo'kwawdum

BRUISE (see purple)

BRUSH, WEEDS, THINGS, PLANTS: mu'uv '

My things: mu'uv' uhn

BUCK DEER: tuheu'goom, tuheuh'koom

BUCKBOARD: ooweem'buhk

BUCKET: pampuhn'

BUCKING: a bucking horse ponpoh'tsenai

(plural of pontsee’nai to take off running)

It's bucking: ponpoh'tsenung

BUCKSKIN, (tanned deer hide): tuh'euv

BUD SAGE: Artemisia spinescens

1. Koochup'o sawngwuv (lit, ash sage)

2. Mawkaw'chuh sawngwuv'vuhts (lit, horned toad sage)

BUFFALO:

1. Moahoy' kooch (lit. blanket cow) Kaibab

2. Tuh'du kooch (lit, desert cow) Kanosh

BUFFALO BERRY: ungkawp

BUFFALO GOURD, Cucurbita onook'weemp

BUFFALOBERRY BUSH, Shepherdia argentea: opeev'

BUG (see insect)

BUILD (see make)

BULL SNAKE, GOPHER SNAKE, BLOW SNAKE, Pituophis melanoleucus: koahom'puhts

BULLETS: wai'u

BUNCH GRASS, Muhlenbergia: noou'veev

BUNDLED:

1. Oatom'puhnawkunt

2. Whechoo'kookunt (from whechai'uh to tie)

BURDEN BASKET (large, cone-shaped): aws, aoos'

BURDOCK, Arctium: avaw'tuh kaw'menuv (lit, big kaw 'menuv)

BURN, FIRE: na'ai'

Burnt: na'aip'

Make a fire: na'ai'tee (lit, make it burn)

BURNT THROUGH:

1. Kwepoo'doonk

2. Wa-haw'dok nawaid

BURST: patawk'

BURY (to): tookoo'ee, koo'ee

Going to bury: tookoo'oongpawnt

Buried: kookwunt

BUTCHERING (cutting up meat): skuh'dai

BUTTERFLY:

1. aw'sevuhts

2. Awsee'voadonts (Kanosh)

3. Ya seevuts

BUTTOCKS: kwetoomp' kwetoo'

BUY, BARTER, PAY: nandong'w

Buy it: nando'uk

Bought: nawdoo'ai

BUZZARD, TURKEY VULTURE, Cathartes aura: wekoomp'uhts, week'w

BUZZING: toongwu'vuhawn uk (lit. making noise-it)

BY THIS TIME: ee'vaiuk, ee'vaiook

CACTUS, THORN: munuv'

CALF OF LEG: (used to denote the calf of the leg and also the tibia bone) whetchu

My calf: whechun'

Your calf: whechu'um

CALL, INVITE: pawvai'

To call him/her: pawvai'teung

Call the doctor: poowu'hunt oong pawvai'

CAMP: kawnee'kai, kawnee'vu

CAN'T SHOOT STRAIGHT: wee'nait

CANAIGRE, DOCK, WILD RHUBARB, Rumex hymenosepalus: kwevuv'

CANARY: (caged) o-aw' we'tseech' (lit. yellow bird)

CANE (for walking): poado'

Your cane: podom'

Canes (plural): poadots'

CANNOT: kawchoo-`

I can't do it: kawchoo'kwun

CANVAS: sechaw'hawv

CANYON:

1. A dry canyon or wash: weep, ooweep

2. A canyon between two mountains: wee'wuk

3. A canyon with water: ooweng'w

4. Crack: sekuv'

CARBORUNDUM: koongwu'denump, koowaw'denump (lit. edger)

CARDS: paw'soonump

CARRY, LOAD:

1. No'-, noy'

To carry in the mouth (as a cat carries its young): kuh'noy

Carrying along in the mouth: kuh' no'meai

Load it up: nou'tengwuk

2. Yungwee'

Carrying along: yungwee'mee

Carrying separately: nawai' yungwee' uk

Many carrying: yuyung'weukum

CAT:

1. Kedeets' (Eng. kitty)

2. Moos'uts

CATCH UP: wachuh'kee, watsuhng' going to catch up wachuhng'paw

Have to catch up: watsuhng'oompawk

Caught up with me: wachuhng' wechuk'un

I'm going to catch up with you (plural): wachuhm' pawmum

I'm going to catch up with you (beat you): wachuhm' pawngwun

CATCH (see hold and seize) to catch something that has been thrown: mawnchawk',

mawntsunk' (from muntsaw' upraised hands)

One who catches something thrown: mawntsunk'aiung

CATCLAW ACACIA: Acacia greggii sechuh'uhdump

CATTAIL, Typha domingensis: toa'oyv'

CAUSE (see happen)

CAVE: tuhng kawn' (lit, rock house)

CEDAR CITY INDIANS: Suh'duts eng

CEDAR CITY :Suh'du (Eng. Cedar)

CEDAR TREE: (see juniper)

CENTER (see good and between)

CENTIPEDE:

1. Tuhmpee' tohouv (lit, rock snake)

2. Suhng'ump (Shivwits & Koosharem)

CHAIR: kawduh'nump

CHANGE COLORS (as tree leaves turning yellow): takov'eeng

CHANGE IT, FLIP IT, TURN IT: munuh'ee kwunk uk

CHAPPED SKIN: chewung'w

tsewung'w (Kanosh)

CHAPS: peku'koosuts (lit, leather pants)

CHARGING:

Running a horse at full speed: tawngwus

Making a horse go full speed: tawngwus'u teung

CHASE (to), PURSUE, FOLLOW: mawduhn'ai

Chasing him/her: mawno’koung

Chaser: mawduh'nuts

CHEEK: sovuv'

Your cheek: sovuv'um

CHIEF, BOSS: neahv'

War Chief: Nawhoo'kwee Neahv

CHEMEHUEVI: Tawntuh'vaits, Chemehuevis (plural) Tawntuh'vaits eng

CHERT, FLINT: poantsee'tuhmp (Lit. smooth rock) poantsee'

CHEST: yoonguv

Your chest: yoonguv'oom

CHEW: koatsok'

Chewing: kuhtsok'o-ai, kuhcho'okwai

CHICKADEE: wetsee'geets

CHICKEN (Eng. chicken): tsee'kununts, tsee'kenunts

CHILDREN: pee'suhcheng, pee'soats eng

His/her children: pee'soa ung

CHIN: kawnok'

My chin: kawnok'on

CHIPMUNK: The following animals were not fully identified. The first three could be chipmunks or ground squirrels.

1. Tawvawts' (with two stripes)

2. Onchop'

3. Oyoy'chuts (two stripes)

CHIPPED: se'-ee'chai, seu'keku

A chip: seuk'

CHISELER (a rodent):

1. Kuhmp'pawts (Kanosh)

2. Spees, sepees'

3. Chuhpeesh'(Koosharem)

CHOKE:

1. Pegweech', pechung'

He's choking: pechung'engchung

I'm choking :pehoo'eun, pechung'aiun

Repeatedly choking: pepee’kwengkwunt

2. Pekhoy'eyung (Kaibab)

CHOKECHERRY, Prunis virginiana: toanup'

CHOOSE:

To take the one you like out of several: awmun'tuh kuh owsuhn'teneeum

CHOP, CUT (from kuh'du to cut):

Go chop it: kuh'du whaiuk

CHUCKWALLA, Sauomalus obesus: chukwawd'

CIGARETTE, TOBACCO, SMOKE: kwoup', kwou'

Give me a cigarette: kwou' muhawng' wuhn

CIRCLE (see cove)

CIRCLE DANCE: kwenok' oowee’kai

CLAPPING HANDS: mawvee'chuhkee (from mawvee'chuhkeengk smash)

Clapping hands while sitting: mawvee'chuhkee kawdee

CLAW (see fingernail)

CLEFT (see between)

CLEVER (see smart)

CLIFF: tuhmpee' paiu'dook (lit. rock wall)

CLIFFROSE BARK: suhnup'

CLIFFROSE, Cowania stansburiana: peow' oonup

CLIMAX (see orgasm)

CLIMB:

To climb a tree, mountain or anything: awdoo'kwununkw

Climbing the mountain: kaiv'u awdoo'kwununkw

Climb it!: awdoo'kwunung oa!

I'm going to climb it: nuh awdoo'kwunu pawnee

CLING (see stuck)

CLOSE, NEAR: chu-haip'

CLOSED (see shut)

CLOSED EYES: oochoom'eku

Going along with closed eyes (plural): oonchoom' ekaimee'

All close your eyes: muno'neuk oochoom'eku

CLOTH:

1. Sawdup'eev

2. Pawn'uhsuhv

CLOTHES, DRESS, SHIRT (see things):

1. Tow-uh-

2. -Nahdo

CLOUD: pawkuhn'uv (lit, water sack)

CLOVER, Trifolium: koosawd'

COAL. A burning coal: kookhweev', okhweev'u

COAL MINE kweuh'dutu

COCKLEBUR, Anthium strumarium: kaw'menuv

COCOPAH: Wekuh-upaw (Chemehuevi)

COFFEE:

1. Too'pawts, too'pah (lit, black water)

2. Kapee' (Eng. coffee)

COIL, WRAP: wuhkween'tuh

COLD (sickness): wavai' yuai (lit. cold-die)

COLD (weather)

1. Seyai'

I'm cold: seyai'un

It was cold: seyai'puhkunt

2. Stoo'ee (referring to the atmosphere)

It's cold: stoo'eook, stoo'euk

3. Spuhd'ai

It's cold: spuhd'aiuk

I'm cold: spai'ai un, nuh spai'yai, nuh spuhdd'ai

That object is cold: mudd spuhddai

4. Uhvuh'vuh.

COLLARED LIZARD (Black), Crotaphphytus insularis: chungunts'

COLLECT (see gather)

COLOR: There is no word for color as used in English. Colors are verbs, not adjetives. The suffix -kawd is used to say in kind at the end of the various colors and in this usage approaches the word color.

COLORADO COLUMBINE, Aquilegia coerulea: whechee'ungkopenump

COLORED ROCKS: peko'nukai

COME HERE: hukai', hukhaink'ee, hukhaing'oa

Come sit closer: wakhain'eu kawduh

Come in: vuh'u wakhaik

COME UP, COME IN: tuhnunk'w

COMMANCHE: koomunts' (lit. different)

COMMAND: -oa (used at the end of a sentence to tell someone to do something)

Wake up: puhneng'oa

Drink it: eveeng'oa

COMPANION: (this word is much stronger than tuhkoo'vun my friend. The relationship is more like a brother. The word comes from ai'vum young men, hence the implication of comradeship).

My companion: aivai'yun

COMPARABLE (see same way)

COMPETE: naveech'unkuhee

CONCEAL (see hide)

CONDUCTING (see guide) to lead someone by the arm: tsungkaw'waing, chungkaw'waing

CONFLICTING VIEWPOINTS: nudu'tsou, a state where one person wants to do one thing while the other wants to do something altogether different.

CONFLUENCE (of two rivers): nawvung'kweetoo nookwee (lit. running together)

CONICAL: koovoo', koovoo'u

CONSUME:

To finish eating or drinking something: soowu'

Consume it all: soowung'wuk

CONTINUALLY (see always)

COOK (Eng. cook): kook

COOKED (see ripe)

COPY, BORROW: tuhup'

One who always borrows: tuhuv' (from the idea that one who borrows is a copier)

CORKY-SEED PINCUSHION, Mammillaria tetrancistra: taws

CORN:

1. Ung-weev'

2. Komee'

CORNER (see cove)

COST: nahwhaw'hai.

How much does it cost?: hunop'ai nahwhaw'hawd?

COTTON TAIL, Sylvilagus: tawvoot's

COTTONWOOD (Fremont), Populus fremontii: soa'veep

COTTONWOOD (narrowleaf), Populus angusnfolia: sawghawv', sawhup'

COUGAR, MOUNTAIN LION: peu'dook, peu' tookoop (lit, big cat)

COUGH: hoakoy'

Coughed: okhweeng'w

COULD, WOULD, SHOULD: koop

Could stay over night (lit. lie-could): awvee'eng koop

Should sit here: evahn kawduh' koop

What would happen? What would you do?: uhun'engkoo?

I could kill you if you do that: pukawng'koom mun'ekoom

COUNTRY, LAND, EARTH: tooweep', tooveep'

COUSIN (see relation)

COVE, CORNER, CIRCLE: peko'uv, pekoan'euk

Red circle, or cove: ungkaw' pekonump

COVER OVER (to): wuhkum'ee

Cover it up: wuhkum'euk

COW:

1. Kooch, kwechoom'puhts

A herd of cows: kwechoom'puhts evw

2. wanggus'ee, wangguz'ee (used from Moapa south. From the Spanish vaca or Hualapai waksee')

COWBOY (Span. vaquero): pakay'do

COWHIDE: koochoomp'

COW HORN: koochoo' awp

COYOTE:

1. Suhnuv

2. Yoho'vuhts (one who always has intercourse. This term applies to Soonungwuv)

3. Soonung'wuv (a legendary deity who was once human)

CRACK (see cut)

CRACKED: youk', yoaw'keku

CRACKED LIPS:

1. Oapoa'domp (name of a white man)

Dried out lips: tuhmpu' kwusee'oonuh tawvus'ee

CRADLEBOARD: koan', koanonts'

CRADLE VISOR: moompu'chuts

CRANK IT: chukoyn'noakwee uk

CRAWL, CREEP: mungwuv'ai

CRAZY, FUNNY: unoop'ekunt (lit, has a ghost, possessed)

Going crazy: unoop'ee toowee

CREATE (see make)

CREMATE, BURN: kwechee'kee

CREATE (see make)

CREATURES (any small living thing including insects): pauv'

CREDIT: nahwhawv'

CREEK: pah' nookweent (lit, water running)

CREEP (see crawl)

CREOSOTE BUSH, Larrea tridentata: yutump', yutuv

CREST OF A HILL (see summit)

CREVICE (see cut)

CRICKET:

1. Chuhduhts

2. Tsuh'duhts (Kanosh)

3. Skedeets' (Shivwits)

CROOKED (see curve)

CROSSWAYS (see sideways)

CROTCH (the inner thigh area between the legs): tahaw'vai

Your crotch: ta-haw'veum

CROW, RAVEN:

1. Yutaw'puhts, awtaw'puhts

2. Yataw-kots

3 Hataw'konts (Kanosh)

CROWN OF THE HEAD: (where the hair swirls to the center at the back) kweyoon'

CRUSHING, GRINDING: whechuhn'tooai

CRY OUT IN PAIN (to): kwawdu'vai

CRYING: yaghai'

Mourning ceremony: yawhup'

CRYSTAL (crystals are thought to be left in the ground where lightning strikes; therefore, they are called the rain's arrow): oongwud'uh oowai'uk, oongwud'uh oowuk, oongwud'u oo'-oo'

CUP see bowl

CUPPED HANDS: mantsoon'ovawk (to hold something in the cupped hands)

CURLEYGRASS, Pleuraphis jamesi: wuhkuh' moasoa (lit, vagina hair)

CURRANT (Golden), Ribes aureum: poahomp'eev

CURVE, BEND, CROOK: noakoa'mee big bend in a river noakov'enawk

Little bend in a river: meah'pee noakov'ekainawk

Little curve: noakoa'mee

Big curve: noapoa'nee

Crooked: noapuhn'ench

CUT: some of the following words can also mean rip. (see rip)

1. Cut it in two, split it: takaw'penuk

2. Cut it in two equal halves: skup'enuk naw'vai

3. Cut it off, slice it, cut the cards: chukup'enuk, tsukaw'penuk (lit, to cut one object in one quick cut) Kanosh

4. Cut a card, take a card: chunuv'enu (applied to card games)

Take a card and turn it over: chunup'enuk, or chunuv'enuk, tsunuv'enuk (Koosharem)

5.Cut it (using a large knife): wuhkup'enuk

6. Cut it (using a small knife that takes several motions and more time to cut something off, or in two. Also, to rip something slow in several pulls of the hands): tsakaw'venuk, skuv'enuk

7. To rip in two with one quick motion of the hands: tsakaw'penuk

8. Cut it (using scissors): suhkuh'uk, sekoo'uk (Kanosh)

CUT, SLIT, CREVICE, RIP, SPLIT, FISSURE, CRACK: sekawv’, sekuv'ee, seuk'

Cracked it: seuk'ekai uk

CUTE (see pretty)

DAMP EARTH: soahod'

DAMP: pasoap'

DANCE: oowee, oowee'kai

Let's dance: oowee' vawdum

DANDELION, Taraxacum officinale: o-aw saweent (lit, yellow flower)

DANGEROUS (see ugly)

DARK (see night)

It's getting dark: tookwud'eng wuhchuk

DAUGHTER: pawchuh'

Your daughter: pawchoom'

DAWN:

1. Tawsee'u

2. Coyote morning: suhnu' tawsuh'ai (coyote dawn, about 3:00 a.m. when the false dawn Occurs before it darkens again)

DAY: tavai (from tavaw'puhts sun)

DAY AFTER TOMORROW: penu' tuaik, penu' echuhk

DEADWOOD: oavee' yuaip (lit. wood-dead)

DEAL THE CARDS: mawmun'uvoytseuk

Pull a card: munuv'enuk

DECEMBER: Toopoodookweech or Paaw'toaumuh, puaw'tom (lit, long moon). The informant Carl Jake gave Toopoodookweech as December and Paaw'toaumuh, Puaw'tom as January. However, December is the longest month but early January would seem almost as long to Indians who never had a watch to time the length of each day so I'm not really sure which months to assign these Indian names. The informant was somewhat confused with English equivalents.

DECORATE (see to paint)

DEEP: tookwawd', took'w

It's deep: tookwai'oouk

DEER (mule deer): tuh'euts, tuh'ee the biggest of the two-point bucks soowees'

DENT, DEPRESSION: koyokwawk'u (in metal, or a low place in the land)

DESERT (see barren)

DESERT VELVET, TURTLEBACK, Psathyrotes ramosissima: wuh'pa-whawts

DESOLATE (see barren)

DESTROY, DAMAGE (to): madok'emawnuk

DEVIL (see ghost)

DEW: punu'kwun

DIAPER:

1. Pesoam', pesoan'ee

2. Peshoam' (Kanosh)

DIARRHEA:

1. Naw whee'chu (lit excrement on oneself)

2. Pah kwechup (lit, water excrement)

DIE, INFECTED :yuai'

Going to die: yuai'vawnt

Died, dead: yuai'kunt

Infection from a thorn: munai yuaing'wuhts (lit, sticker-dying)

Plural, chowwuh'

Many dying (continuous tense): chowwuh'kee

Many died off (past tense): chowwuh'kaw puhkunt

DIFFERENT, ANOTHER, STRANGER, STRANGE, WRONG ONE, ENEMY: koomunts

That's the wrong one: koomung'us

It's yet another one: koomus

He's different, he's a stranger: koomun'ung

Wrong one: koomus'

DIG: oadai'

DIGGING STICK: chewu'kainump

DINNER, LUNCH (mid-day meal): tavaw' tuhkai (lit. day-eat)

DIP (see valley)

DIRECTION (from): -nungkw

Where from?: hu'munungkw?

DIRECTION, TOWARDS: -tuhk

Towards: engwee'tuhk

The other way: enee'tuhk

This way, that way: emee'tuhk

DIRT: tooweep'

DIRTY: tuhdooch'ukai, toochaw'hai, toochaw'haw

DISAPPEAR: choo'paw (into thin air like a whirlwind does)

DISCOVER (see find)

DISCUSS (see talk)

DISGUSTING: utump'unee

To say something: disgusting utump 'unee aik

DISLIKE, HATE: kaw ows'uhntewait

Maybe she/he hates me: soov kawchoon ows'uhntewait oong

DISOBEDIENT (see stubborn and doubting)

DISTANT RELATIVE: nawai'yoogwee

DISTRUSTFUL, JEALOUS: tuh'aiu hawd

DIVIDE (in equal halves or portions): nawvai'

DIVORCE, ESTRANGED (see forget): nuhsuhm 'upeuk, nusuhm'u-hu

DIZZY: aw'kwechuhduhee

DO:

To do as indicated, to do in a prescribed manner: mun

Don't do like that: kawchoo mun'eup

Doing like this: muneek'

DO (to), HAPPEN, ACT: oonee'

Done that: oonee'pukunt

You have already done it: ooneng'kwainum

Do it for me: ooneenk'kuhukun

Does it every time: ooneeng'oomee

Do it well: ows'unee

Do it like this: mun'euk ooneng

I'm going to do that: oonee'umpawnt

I've done that: nuh'nee oonenk'ookwain

You've done that: emee oonenk'ookwain

I don't want to do it: nuh kawchuk' oonees'umpaw, nuh kaw oonees' umpaw

I'd like to do it: nuh oonees’umpa-hai

You're going to do it: oonee' umpawnum

It will happen after while: penunk'wunee oonee'um pawnt

What happened to him? (where did he go?): aitaw ooneets' oong

John does that: John ooneed'

DOCTOR: poowu'hunt (lit, has supernatural power)

DODGE:

1. Naw' kawduhngkee (from kawduhngk'ee to miss)

I'm dodging: naw' kawduhngk'uchun

2. I'm dodging: awtawd'ung kuchun

DOE: tuheuv'ee, tuheu'veup (lit, deer mother)

Little doe: tuheuv'veuts

DOG:

1. Sawdeets

2. Sawdee'voongkoo (lit, dog pet)

3. Suhnuv', soonuv'

4. Poongkoots' (Moapa) this is also the word for horse with some Utes

DOG MINT: toowee'seev

DOGWOOD, RED OSIER, Cornus sericea: ungkaw' kawnuv (lit, red willow)

DOING THAT: -uhdu'puhku (suffix)

DOLL: keyu'tenump (lit. plaything)

DOMESTICATED (see pet)

DON'T: kaw-, kawchoo-, -up

Don't do that: kawchoo mun'eup, kawchuk oonee'up, kaw mun'eup

Don't say that: kawchoo mai'up

I don't have any: kawchoon' oodooung'wai

DONKEY: moasuhmp'oavoy

DOODLEBUG (see antlion larvae)

DOUBTING, DISOBEDIENT, SUSPICIOUS: kaw tooveets' eku' (lit, not believe)

DOUBTLESS (see yea because)

DOUGLAS FIR (and other firs), Pseudotsuga: sumu' oahomp (lit. blanket pine)

DOWN: toovai, toovu'

DOWNWARD: pechoo'um

Going downhill: pechoo'um toovu

Come down: pununk'w

DRAG (see pull)

DRAGONFLY: saw'duhveengkuhts

Saw-do vink-uhts

DREAM: nonoh'see

DRESS: kwawsuhmp'

DRILL: toodoo'enump

DRINK: evee'

What is drunk: eveep'

DRIPPING: pawtso’tsokwai, poachoa'choahoy

DRIVE: waus'

DROP:

To accidently drop something or for it to slip out of the hand: mawvuhts'u skeenk

Dropped it: mawvuhts'u skeengku chuku

I dropped it: mawvuhts'u skeengku chukun

DROP-SEED, Sporobolus cryptandrus: moanomp'eev

DRUM: kwepoy'unump

DRUNK:

1. Awmuh'u

He's drunk: awmuh'aiung

2. Yuai' ung (lit. dying) Las Vegas

DRY: tawvus'oop

Dry it: tawvus' uteuk

Dried up: tawpus'kai uduk'

Is it dry?: tawpusicai uduk u'?

DUCK (Lesser Scaup): too' koochoomputs

DUCK (all kinds) (singular): chuhk

Tsuhg, tsuhguts (Kanosh and Koosharem)

(plural) chuhkuts, chuhkung

DUMB: kaw toosoo'ait (lit, smart-no)

Dumb person: kaw toosoo' ait uhm

DUPLICATE:

To do it the same way: awpus, awps'unee

DUST: okoomp'

Blowing dust: okoong'kwai

Floating dust: too'seev

DWARF JUNIPER, Juniperus depressa: sumu oahomp' (lit, blanket pine)

DWELL (see sit)

EACH (see alone)

EDGE (see sharp)

EAGLE, GOLDEN: kwuwnunts'

EAR: nungkuv'

Your ears: nungkaw'vum

My ears: nungkaw'vun

EARTH: tooweep', tooveep

EARTHQUAKE: tooveep' nuhnuhn'tseek

EAST WIND: suhkwee'um

EAST: Sivi (desert Paiute)

Sun direction: tahvai mungwee'see

Engwee'tuhk. (lit, sunrise direction)

EASY TO DO, OVERCOME: peyungk'uhee

EASY, NOTHING TO IT:

1. Nawvus' tuhmpee

2. Soee'nepuhts

EAT: tuhkaw'

To go eat: tuhkaw'vaw

Come and eat: tuhkaw'hai

Let's eat (plural): tuhkaw'kavaw tdungw

I'm through eating: tuhku'muk oochun

EDGE: koong-wawv', koo-waw'

EGGS: nopuv'

Laying an egg: nouv'uteung

Setting on the eggs: nouv'ee

EIGHT: wa'ong' wachuhng'wee (lit. two fours)

ELBOW: keep, kepoom', keem'poh

ELDER BROTHER: pawveets'

ELDER SISTER; pawtseets'

ELDERBERRY BUSH, Sambucus: koanoak'weev, koonook'w

ELK: pah duh'ee (lit, water deer)

EMERGE (see appear and exit)

END (of town or board, etc.): kawtso'uk

The end of it: kawtso 'u vawntuk

ENEMY (see different)

ENGLISH SPARROW, Passer domesticus: yuhuhng'kawhunt. (lit. stealer)

ENOUGH:

1. -Sump, -hump

That's enough: mun'ehump

Enough of doing: oo'nesump

Finish what you’re doing: oonee'sump' uk

That's enough of that: mu'du sump uk

2. Toahoyng'wai, toahoy'sump

That's good enough: toahoy'sump uk

3. Now aw'oovus

ENTER (see exit)

ERECTION: wuhu' nungai'ai (lit. penis-angry)

ESCAPE (see run away)

ESCORT (see guide)

EVENING:

1. Before sunset: taw'pook, tawsuh'pai.

2. After sunset: soo'puk

3. Evening, sundown: suhup'uh

EVENING STAR (a modern term): tawsuh'puk pootseev

EVERYTHING, EVERYONE (see all)

EVIL EYE: kwesunk'uhd (to witch someone by looking at them).

They who use the evil eye: kweshunk'eoom

EVIL SPIRIT, EVIL OMEN, EVIL a big person or giant found in legends: oddo'souts, oddo'soai EXACTLY (see good)

EXCEPTIONAL, REAL GOOD: petsee'ai, petsee'

EXCREMENT, FECES: kwechup'

I'm going to go defecate: kwechu' whai vaw'neun

To defecate in one's pants: naw' whechun

I'm about to (I have to) defecate: kwechung' wuhseng kunt

EXIT, COME OUT, EMERGE, MOUNT, CLIMB ON: suhpe-, suhpeng, speng

Get out!: suhpeng'oa!

Came out easy: nawvus' spengkwunt

A spring: pah tsuhpee'tseech (lit. water coming out)

Went out of office: office sepeeng'uhpuhkunt

Enter (the word suhpe- can be used for enter if refering to entering or mounting a car)

EXPLODE (see pop)

EYE BROW: puhtuhnk' kawneev (lit. eyeball house)

EYE LASH: puhtuh'seev

EYE: pooeev'.

Your eyes: pooeem'

FACE kov'

Your face kovum

FAINT tawpus'

FAITH (see believe)

FALCON kawsuv

FALL (to) (see hit) we'-eek'

It's going to fall we'-eek'oovaw

It's almost falling: we'-eng' weuk

It fell: we' -ee'chuk

FALL (the season, see autumn)

FALL OVER: moompuk'

FALL SHORT: eyu'tuhus, eyu'tuhk (for something to fall short of where it was intended to go)

FAN WITH FEATHERS (to), TO BLESS: mawvoo'kwee

FANCY (see pretty)

FAR:

1. Meo'nee

I'm going a long ways away: meon' wuhnchun

Lets go drink someplace: evee' meyu' vawdungw

2. Eev

Sounds like someone eating way over there: eev'uts tuhku toowuv'ugai

3. Wawn

Way over there: wawn'tuh

FARMERS (see plant): uhu' nuhwunts (lit. planting Indians)

FART: oo'pee

FAST (see keep on)

FAT, GREASE, LARD: yoo-oo'

To be fat: yoo-oo'kwunt

Grease bread: yoo-oo' vawnu

FATHER: moouh-'

My father: mooun'

FAVORITE PLACE: to’tsee (a phrase used in a legend song)

FAWN:

1. Tuheu' toowuts (lit, deer's son)

2. Meah'pee tuheu' toowuts (lit. little deer's son)

FEATHER ROACH: muhnchuhn'ookweemp

FEATHER: wuhsee'uv

FEBRUARY (see March)

FEELING (with your hands): mawvee'kunee

FENCE: kweeup'

FENCE POST: kweyu'nuk

FERNBUSH, Chamaebatiaria milhfolium: Moo-oon' Tuhuv

FIERCE (see mean)

FIFTY CENTS (Eng. four bits): poa'veets

FIGHT:

1. Nunump'ukai

You might fight: nunump'ukavaw

2. Always wanting to fight: too oo'kunt (a term applied to the Yavapai’s and Apache’s)

FILE, RASP: wuhnuhd'unump

FILM (Eng. film): fil'um

FIND, DISCOVER: mai, maee'

He found them: main'chuk ung

FINE (see good)

FINGERNAIL, CLAW: maw sechung

His or her fingernail: sechoo' ung

Your fingernail: sechoom', chechoom'

FINGER: mawsuh'

Fingers (plural): mawmaw'suh

FINISHED, ENDED: awvuhs

1. Are you finished?: awvuhs'tudu? awvuhs'u tsudu?

I'm finished: awvuh'stun, awvuh'suts un

2. -Muk

I'm finished doing: oonemuk'oots un, oonemuk'wuhchun

Do it after you eat: tuhkaw' mookoots oodoo'ai

3. I'm finished: toahoyng' wuhnchun (from toahoy' good)

FIRE, MATCH (see burn): koonaw', koon

FIRE MAKING KIT (fire by friction):

1. Kootoon'ooee nump.

2. Koonu takaw'suhnump

FIRST, PRECEDING, BEFORE: nahmuh'

FISH: pawkuh'uts, pawguh'uts

FIT (see good)

FIVE: mawnuh'kee

FIX, REPAIR (to repair something): mawduhngk', mawdung'kai

I'm going to fix it: nuh mawduhngk'u vawnt uk

Their going to fix it: mum mawdungk'u vawnt uk um

She's going to fix it: mung mawduhngk'u vawnt uk

FLASH: punuk'wesai

FLAT: sipun'awkaw, spun'ee, sipun'ee

It's flat: spun'inch

Went flat: spun'aw puhku

FLAT LAND (see plain)

FLATTER, to make someone feel good: soowai' ungkoopee, soowai' unkuhkaw

FLEX THE BICEPS (to): mootsoong'wuk

FLICKER, RED-SHAFTED, Calaples cafer: kwunu'wunts

FLINT (see chert): tuhseep

FLIP (see change it)

FLIP OVER HEADFIRST: un'ee kwetook

FLIRTATIOUS, SILLY: sawm'ekunt, saw'meents

FLOOD: weech

The start of a flood: ooweech'

It's flooding: ooweng' wuhchuk

It's going to flood: oowee'oom pawneu

FLOP DOWN: (to flop down in a limp manner as you sit down)

1. So-wawk'

2. Pawngkoyn'ekai

FLOUR:

1. Puhduv

2. Tooweev'

3. Toosoop

FLOWERS (see blossom)

FLOWING (see running)

FLUTE: oy'yo

FLY (to):

(singular) Nontsee'ku

(plural) Yontseek'

Going to fly: yontseek'oovawnt, yontsee'kawvaw

Several flying: yaius' yaius'echung

Flying: yontsee' kawd

The kind that fly: yusuhd'uh muh'nee

Flapping wings to take off: weentseek', weetseek'

Trying to take off: weetseek' oomee'haieku

Took off: weetseek'uhpuhku

FLYING SQUIRREL: oahon' tawvawts (lit, pine squirrel)

FLIES (insect) moo'pechuts

FOG:

1. A dark blue smokey colored: fog kwe-ee'kai (from kwe-eep' smoke)

2. Pawkuhn'u kawduhk'ai (lit, cloud sitting)

FOLD: mawsup'

Folded: mawsu'pakaw

To fold over and over: mawmus'upuk

FOLLOW (see next)

FOLLOWING IN A ROW: nunu'penungk pakhai (lit, follow-next walking)

FOOD: tuhkup'

FOOLING (see teasing)

FOOT: numputs', nump'

Coyote foot: suhnu' numputs

FOOTPRINT (see track)

FORASMUCH AS (see yea because)

FORD (lit, water crossing):

1. Pawdov'

2. Paw'awvawk (Kaibab)

FOREHEAD: mootaw'kaw

Your forehead: mootawk'um

Big forehead: pa'awngk'ow

FORGET, DIVORCE, LEAVE. To let go from ones mind something learned or someone once Known: suhmuh'u, suhmuh'gahaw, nawsuhm'uhai

I'm going to leave them: suhmuh-kwai vawneum

I'm going to leave you: suhmuh'u whaivawm, suhmuh'u vawneum

Left her/him: suhmpai' empai'ayung

Forget them: nawsuhmai'um

FORGETFUL: suhmpu'tuhkwai

FORMER, HAVING BEEN, USED TO BE: -kaip

He who was in the past: nengwoo' kaip

Cottontail who once was: tawvoom' puhkaip

FOREST: mu-haw' kawduhd. (lit, all kinds sitting)

FORT: nawhoo'kwee kawn (lit, war house)

FOUR: wachoo-oonee, wachuh'ee, wachuhng'wee

FOUR-WING SALTBUSH, WHITE GREASEWOOD, Atriplex canescens: moodoo'nuv

FOX: onchee'uts, ontsee'uts

FREMONT SCREW BEAN: sechuh'uhdump (from sechoo' claw)

FRIEND (see companion): tuhkoov'

My friend: tuhkoov'un

FRIGHTENED (see afraid)

FROG:

1. Pawkwun', pawkwun'uv (larger than waw'hots and smaller than a bullfrog)

2. Waw'hots (a small green frog that makes a sound like "waw'ho")

3. Pawkots' (Willow Springs)

4. Sakhwaw'hawduhm wawhots (lit. green frog) Kaibab

FRONT (see ahead)

FRONT QUARTER OF A DEER: unguv (lit, upper arm)

FROZEN: tuhus'kunt

I'm frozen: tuhus'eun

FRY: wesaw' weshaw'

FULL: pono'ai

I'm full: pono'unchun

It's full: poochu'kunt

Fill it up: poochu'teuk

FUNNY (see crazy)

FUR, FURRY HIDE: puhoov'

It's furry: puhoo'ung

Horsetail hair: kuvaw kwusee poo-ook

FUTILELY (see vainly)

FUZZ (see stickers)

GALLOP: hawpoa'nai

Galloping along: hawpoanai'menai

GAMBLE (to gamble with cards)

1. Paw'see (Span. pasar)

Gambler paw'seets, paws'ekunt

2. Tuhun'ee (Moapa)

GAMBEL OAK, SCRUB OAK, Quercus gambelii: kweuv-

GATHER, COLLECT: chouk'

Gathered: chou'kunt

Gather it: choung'wuk

GEE :uhun'

GOOSE, Branta: kaov'

GENTIAN, Fresera: kaiv'u okoonump (lit, mountain okoonump)

GENTLE (see soft)

GET OFF:

1. Wa-aing'oa, oeng'oa

2. Weuk'evu

GET UP: kuhduh'kee, kwuhduh'kee

I got up: kuhduh'ke chun

GET, TAKE: kuh'uh'

Get it: kuh'uh'ee ook

GETTING, BECOMING, ABOUT TO: wuh'seengk

I'm about to urinate: se'-ee' wuhseeng kunt

GHOST, EVIL SPIRIT, WHIRLWIND, DEVIL, MONSTER:

1. Unoo'peets (whirlwinds are considered ghosts so the word unoo'peets is used for ghost and whirlwind)

2. Whatever scares a person: uhdduhts'

GIANT:

1. Peow' noong (lit, big person)

2. Ketoos (the name of a legendary giant in the Shivwits area called Kweetoos. His name is therefore synonymous with the word giant)

GIFT: nuhngwu'haw

Let's give it: nuhngwu'havawdum

GIGGLING: kekee'ungk (plural of keyunk'ee to laugh)

GILA MONSTER, BANDED. Heloderma cinctum: etseev'

GILA MONSTER. Heloderma suspectum: hawtsee'mo

GIRL (adolescent age): nawain'seets

GIRLFRIEND: kuh'dee (Eng. girl)

GIVE IT HERE: hukai'uk, hukaik' (shortened form of hukai'uk)

GIVE IT TO ME:

1. Nuhdoo'gwuk, nuhdoo'kwaiook

Give me that one: mud'u nuhdook'kwuk

Give it to him: ungud'owuk

2. In the sense of giving to keep: muhawng'wuhn

GLAD (see happy)

GLASS (see transparent)

GLASS CUP: suhguh' ohots (lit. transparent bowl)

GLASSES: punu'pooeem (lit, shiny eye)

GLOBEMALLOW. Sphaeralcea: kuh'eyokomp

GLOVE: maw' koonuv (lit, finger sack)

GNATS:

1. Ugeev'

2. Moapuhmp' (different type of gnat) Koosharem

GO:

1. To tell someone to go to, or move towards, in a direction away from the speaker: kwaw

go on, go away: kwawng'oa

(plural) podo', podoy'

Shall go away: podo'kwai-

2. Oovuh'nee, vuh'

Go ahead and do it: uhvuh'ukaw

I'm going: uhvuh'tsun

Shall we go?: vuh'dum u'?

Go on (by yourself): oovuh'eyuk

3. To go away: oodoo'

We're going away: oodoo' whawmpawn'eunum (dual)

I'm going away: oodoo' whawm pawn'eun

GO GET IT: yow’khwaingwuk, yow'whaingwuk

GO HOME: paiyuh'kwai

GOD (Wolf, the older brother): Toovuts'

GOD (Coyote, the younger brother): Soonung'wuv

GOING TO GET HIM (I'm): chungkaw'whaim pawneun

GOING UNDER, TO SINK: yowk'w (as one does in the water, or as the sun sets beneath the horizon).

GONE (all used up): toopeek'w

I'm all out of it: toopeek'wuhchun

It's all gone: toopeek'wuhtsuk, toopeek'wuhchuk

GONORRHEA: ko'chuv

GOOD ONE: uup'uoonee

GOOD, CENTER, JUST RIGHT, HALF, MIDWAY, FITS, ENOUGH, THANKS, FINISHED, ALL, EXACTLY, STRAIGHT: toahoy' (this word has a very broad range of meanings that seems to be based on the idea of center. If something is centered then it is just right, it's good, it's enough, it fits, it's finished, it's directly overhead and so on).

The same amount: toahoy'nawvai

Thanks: toahoy'uk, tahoy’uk (lit, good-it)

Midday: toahoy' tavai

Midnight: toahoy' tookwun

Haven't you got enough: kawchuhd, u toahoyng'wai

Does it fit?: toahoyng'wuhnchuduk?

GOOD, WELL, FINE, ALRIGHT, THANKS, PATIENT, HAPPY, FAIRLY:

1. Aw'tai, ai'ee

It's real good: tooveets' ai'euk

I'm very fine, I'm very well, I'm happy: tooveets' aiun

That's alright, it's okay: ai'hump uk

Be patient: ai'munekai

Thanks: ai'uk (lit, it's good)

2. Good in the sense of being still or quiet: soo (see happy)

Lie still: soo' awvee

GOOD-BYE: puhnekay'vawsoom (lit. I'll see you again)

GOPHER. Thomomys: muheyuhm'puhts

GOURD, BUFFALO-GOURD Cucurbita onoo'kweemp

GOURD, RATTLE: kuhsud'uhai nump, wuhsawd'uhai nump

GRAB (see seize)

GRANDDAUGHTER:

1. Paternal: wheechech'een

2. Maternal: kawhoots', kawgoots'

GRANDFATHER, GREAT GRANDFATHER, GRANDFATHER'S BROTHER:

1. Paternal: koonoo-,

Your grandfather: koonoon'

Grandson (reciprocal): koonoonts'

2. Maternal: tokon'

Grandson (reciprocal): tohots'

GRANDMOTHER, GREAT GRANDMOTHER, GRANDMOTHER'S SISTER:

1. Maternal: kawgoo-

Your grandmother: kawgoon'

Grandmother of many: kawkaw'huhvoom (Kaibab)

Kawkaw'goom (Koosharem)

Granddaughter (reciprocal): kawhoots', kawgoots'

2. Paternal: wheetsee'ee

Granddaughters (plural): wheechech'een

GRANDSON:

1. Paternal: koonoonts'

2. Maternal: tohots'

GRANITE :moakov'

GRASS, HAY: oogweev'

GRASSHOPPER: awdung 'kupeets, awdung'kawts

GRAVE:

1. Nengwoo' goop

2. Nengwoo'chungwup (Kaibab)

GRAY:

1. Awsee' awsee'ku

Gray one: se'kawdum

2. A dirty white (of a different shade than awsee'): yooveen'kawd, yoovee'shuhai

Gray hill: yooveen' kawduhd (this word could also mean ponderosa hill)

3. Ashen color: koochu'kawd (lit. ash kind)

GRAY SQUIRREL: ung'kuchawn

GREASE (see fat)

GREASEWOOD, (black): Sarcobatus vermiculatus tonov'

A piece of greasewood: toneev

GREAT AUNT: whechee'

GREAT (see brave)

GREAT UNCLE'S SON: hoakoy'cheen

GREEDY:

1. Nuhnchov'

One who is greedy: nuhncho'kwawdum

One who has greed: nuhnchov'ekunt

2. One who doesn't give: noomu'hait

GREEN FLAGSTONES: ai'tuhmpetsee

GREEN (see blue)

GRINDING (see crushing)

GRIZZLY BEAR: tosawk' kweuts (lit. white bear)

GROUND SQUIRREL: (see chipmunk)

GROW: nunai

Full grown: nunuk

GROWL, ROAR: oaddong'wai

GUARD: ta-ong'waikup

GUIDE, CONDUCT, ESCORT, LEAD, HELP (see conducting): toovuhn'uhawk (leading a person By the hand, to help along)

Conducting him/her: toovuhn'uhawng

GUITAR: ka-haw'tee nump (lit, singing instrument)

GUM (see pitch)

GUN (see rifle)

GUN MEDICINE MAN (a man with supernatural power to heal bullet wounds): tuhmpeoo' poowu'hunt (lit. gun-medicine-has)

GUN: toompeoots'

GUNPOWDER: koochung'wawk

GUYS: tu'uts'

HAIL: pa-omp'

HAIR:

1. Pauhk'ee

2.Totsee'vuhum

HALF BREED:

1. Sunu' mawduh'kawts (lit, tan colored American)

2. Yoovees'u hawdum (a term used for someone who is half Negro (see black)

HALF, SIDE:

1. Nawvai'

Exactly half: toahoy nawvai

2. Tuhdu'kwouk (lit, to half it; to cut something down the middle into two equal halves),

Half full, full to the middle: tuhdu'kwoupawk

3. Sengkwun'na-haik, singkwun'uv (one of the halves after it has been cut down the middle (lit, side half)

HALT (see stop)

HAND GAME: naiyung'weep

HAND: mo'-oh'

Your hand: mo'-ohm

HANDLING ROUGH: mamaw'duhoy

HANG:

1. Koaduk'

Hang it up: koaduk'ainuk

2. Oowai'

To hang up many times (plural): oo-oo'waingwuk

To hang lots up: oongwaing'wuk

Hang it up: oongwai'uk (this sentence is almost identical with it's raining and would be Spelled the same).

Hung up: oongwai'kunt

Hanging up: oowaing-wuk

One hanging: oongwaing'

HANGING HEAD DOWN WHILE WALKING: muheyaing'wai

HANGING ON (to hang, to swing at the end of a rope, or to cling at the edge of something): puhduh'dai, puhntuh'ai, puhnduhk'uhmee, puhntuhk'ee

HANDKERCHIEF (Eng. handkerchief): haing'kechup

HAPHAZARDLY (to do something any way it suits you without regard to what's right): pawhun'

Does it any way: pa-hun' oonee'tee

HAPPEN (see do)

HAPPY, (see good)

HARD, LEATHERY (like a cloth that is made stiff when a liquid has dried on it, or rawhide after it dries): pegu'gai, peku'hai

HAS: -hunt, -kunt, -uhunt, -ugunt, -ekai

I have a brother: nuh chukaits'ekunt

I have a baby: nuh pesoa'hunt

HAT: kai'chuhots

HAT BAND: kai'chuho whechup (lit. hat-wrap)

HATCHET: tawvee'nump toowuts (lit. axe child)

HATE (see dislike)

HAVEN (see nest)

HAY (see grass)

HEADACHE: totsee'pukawngkee (lit. head-hurt)

HEAD OFF (to), INTERCEPT: kwuhtok'weuveung

HEAD: totsee

Your head: totseem'

The one with the head (a horse's name): totsee'vuhuts

HEAR, LISTEN: nungkaw', nungkai'

Hear me: nungkaw'kaichun

Not listening: nungkaw'vait (lit, no ears)

HEART, SPIRIT, SOUL:

1. Mookoo'uv

Your spirit: mookoo'um

2 Suul too'goouhunt

3 Peyuhp (the physical heart)

HEARTBEAT:

1. Tawveen'weai

2. Toowuv'ugai (this word for noise or sound can also be used in referring to a heartbeat)

HEAT WAVES: (see vapor)

HEAVEN (SKY): toohoom'paiahv

HEAVY, WEIGHTY: puhtee'ud

It's heavy: puhtee'uhunt (has weight)

HEEL: tawmpeep

Your heel: tawmpeem'

HELD FAST, STUCK: chukaink (from chu'ai' to hold)

It's stuck: chukaw'uchuk

HELLGRAMMITES, Corydalidae: pawsuh'kawmeents

HELLO: maik'w

Hello sir (wus said only to men): maik oongwus'

HELP (see assist and guide)

HER (see him)

HERBS (see medicine)

HERE (a location): ee'vai, evahnt'

Beginning from: here evai'yuhs

About here: evai'uhnee

Right here, to here: evahnt'uh

HERE (to give): eyun'

Here (take it): eyun'

Here it is: eyun' uk kawdee (lit. here it sits)

HERMAPHRODITE: tungwu'mumowm (Lit. man-woman)

HERMIT 'THRUSH, Hylocichla guttata: sawngwuv' ooet (lit, sage sparrow)

HIDE, CONCEAL, SECRETE:

1. Awhaw'-, awgaw'-

Hidden: awhaw'pukaw

Hidden person: aw'hawvuhts

2. To hide or cover self in fright, cringe, shrink: paw kaik'

To hide out of fright: awhaw' pawkai'eku

HIGH (see tall) HILL:

1. Kaiv'uts

2. Kawduhd (this word for sitting is used concerning people or stationary objects such as hills, mountains, and lakes)

HIM, HER, HE, SHE, THAT ONE (can be either sex):

1. That one (visible, animate): mung

2. That one (not present, animate): ung, oong'w

3. This one (present, animate): eng

HIND QUARTER: to'-oh'vum

HIP: seump', cheump'

My hips: cheim'puhn

HISTORY, CHRONICLE: nawduh'gwenup (events told by witnesses, compare legends)

HIT, STRIKE, PUNCH, STAB (to hit by thrusting with the hand): tonu'

Stabbed with a knife: we-ee' tonu'puhku

Beat him up!: toch'okwawngw!

He's going to hit you: toch'ung kuhneung oong

HIT, STRIKE, WHIP, FALL: kwepu-'

Hit him, whip him: kweep'ung

Spank him: kweep'oongwung

Fell to the ground: kwepu'puhku

HIT, ALIGHT, LAND, STEP: tawvee'

Alight: tawvee' veech'ookwaw

HOARSE:

1. Tsoakoad'

He/she's hoarse: tsoakoad'ung

2. Kawnu'doai

3. Yogwud'unwuhtsuk (throat mucus from yogwuv')

HOBO:

1. Cha-haw'vuhts. (lit, one who sews because he has ragged clothes) from cha-haw to sew. This word also applies to anyone who sews, such as a seamstress.

2. Tawhaw'puhts (lit. poor)

3. Wunts from wuntsee'puhts (lit. antelope) used at Cedar City for an Anglo hobo.

4. Toodump'

HOIST (to hoist something up at the end of a pole): sichunk'aiuk

Hoisted me: sichunk'aiunk

HOLD, CATCH: chu'ai-

Hold it: chu'aik'ayuk

Let me hold you: chu'ai'nevum

Catch it: chu'ai'uk

HOLE: opuk'ai

HOLLER (see yell)

HOME (see return)

HOPI :Moo'kweech, Moo'kwee

HOPPING: wuhwuh'tuh hainum

HORIZON: paiu'dosee toohoom'pai

HORN (from an animal): awp

HORN BELLY (on a wooden bow): awtawk

To have a horn belly: awtaw'ukunt

HORN SPOON (used nowadays for a metal spoon): meenchoak', meencho'kwuts

HORNED LARK, Eremophila alpestris: sechoo'nunts

HORNED TOAD, SHORT-HORNED LIZARD Phrynosoma mukaw'chuts

HORSESHOE: kuvaw' pawtch

HORSE:

1. Kuvawts' (Span. caballo) kuvaw'oong (plural)

2. Kuvaw' voongkoo' (lit. tame horse)

3. O-waw'dov (Moapa)

HORSETAILS, SCOURING RUSHES, Equisetales variegatum: pawhaw' wuhchuh'choogwee nump

HOT:

1. Hot (inanimate): kuhchuhng'ee

2. (weather): tawdo'ee

It's hot: tawdo'e ook

HOUSE: kawn', kawnee'

Houses (plural): kawngkawn'

Little house: kawneents'

HOW?:

1. U-hun'?

How do you do it?: u -hun'engchuk uneng?

How are you? (singular): u-hun'ee udoo'ai?

How are you? (plural): u-hun'eem oodoo'ai?

2. Hawd?

How is it?: haw'doai ee'neuk?

How are you?: haw'do een'eu?

HOW ABOUT YOU?: eem' oovai?

HOW DID HE DO IT?: WHAT DID YOU DO? awkhuhn'?

HOW MUCH?: huno'pai?

HUGGING: aiun'ookwai

HUMAN (see Indian)

HUMMING BIRD: moo'toonchuts, moo 'toontuts

HUNCH BACK: saiu'

Had a hunched back: saium'puhkunt

Hump backed one: sawv' oongwawdum

HUNGRY:

1. Tuhkuh'ee, tuhguh'ee

Are you hungry?: tuhkuh'e aiay'du?

I'm hungry: tuhkuh'e aiun

2. Starving: tuhguh'e yuai (lit. hungry-die)

She's starving: tuhkuh'eai chung

HUNT (to hunt):

1. Tuhnu'

Let's go hunting (plural): tuhnu meu vawdum

Lets'go hunting (dual): tuhnu' whaimpawdum, tuhnu' whaivawdum

2. Yuahng'kwai, yahngk, yahng

Let's go hunting: yuahng'kwai vawdum

HUNTER: tuhnunts'

HURRY UP:

1. Toowin'eu, toowin'ee, tuhngwin'eu

2. Uhvuh'neu oon

Shall we hurry?: vuh'neudungw?

HURT (see pain)

HUSBAND: koomu-'

My husband: koomun'

To have a husband: koomu'hunt

To have husbands (plural): kookoom'uhunt

I AM, I'M: -aiun

I'm hungry: tuhkuh'e aiun

I, ME: nuh', nuhk'

That's me: nuh'vuhts

ICE: pawus'kup, paw kuhup

Frozen water: paw tuhus'ku

ILLEGITIMATE: kaw moo'ait (lit, no father)

IMAGE: nawvuhn

IMITATING: nengwoo' nawvus

INDEED: uhngkuh'(adv)

INDIAN CABBAGE, PRINCE'S PLUME, Stanleya pinnata: tuhmu'duh

INDIAN PAINTBRUSH: Castilleja

1. Moo’tuntu sueep' (lit. hummingbird's flower): Koosharem

2. Toho' oaho' suent (lit, snake tongue blossoms)

INDIAN POTATO, Orogenia lineanfolia: whechuhn'

INDIAN RICEGRASS, Oryzopsis hymenoides: (and related species) wai

INDIAN, PERSON, BODY, HUMAN: nengwoo- nengwoonts', nengwoo'vuhts, Nungwu (singular)

Desert Paiute: Nuwu

Indians, people (plural): nengwoonts'eng, nengwuhng' nuhng'w

INDISCRIMINATE: one who speaks indiscriminately and says things he shouldn't say pawnee' To say everything: pawnee ai'tee

Don't say everything: pawnee ai'teup

One who says everything: pawnee' ainch oong (this sentence refers to someone you're Talking about who is absent)

He who says everything: pawnee' ung usunee (this sentence refers to someone you're talking About who is present)

INDIVIDUALLY (see separately)

INFECTED (see die)

INSECT, BUG: pa'awts'

Insects, bugs (plural): pa' awts'eev

INSERT (to insert, like threading a needle): chuhnuhk'euk

INSIDE, IN:

1. Awvung 'way

2. Inawk' inaw'tuh

It's inside: inaw'etuhk

Get in here: inaw'haiktseep

INSTRUMENT (see thing)

INTELLIGENT (see smart)

INTUITION, SENSING (to sense something is going to happen or has happened):

1. Aik'unee

I sense it: aik'unin

2. Soontoo'wee

INVINCIBLE (see brave)

INVITE (see call)

IRON OXIDE, OCHRE: oampee', oompee’, oamp

IRON WEED: koav'

IRON, METAL, STEEL: punu’kawd (lit. shining)

IS IT SO?: u'?

Is it true?: tooveets' u'?

IT (see that)

ITCH (to): peyuh'hungkuhee

JAB (see poke)

JACKRABBIT: kumoonts'

JAIL (see locked, also shut)

JAM, JELLY (Sweet): peuv

JANUARY: Pa'aw' toaumuh, Pu'aw'tom (lit, long moon) or Kawng'wu (lit. squeak-made-by-walking-on snow-moon). (The long moon would probably be December. The informant, Carl Jake, was somewhat confused on the English equivalents as have been other informants.)

JAPANESE (Eng. Japanese): chupun'ee a Japanese person chupun'evuhts

JAY, ARIZONA, Cyanocitta woodhousei: choeng'kee

JAY, STELLER'S, Cyanocitta stelleri: chaiu'kutch

JEALOUS (see distrustful): koodaw'doo-whu, koodaw'dookwunt (lit. neck?)

JERKED MEAT: eyung' one who is drying meat eyu'num

JERUSALEM CRICKET, COPPERHEAD, Stenopelmatus fuscus: tuhgoo'tuh neahv (lit. burying chief, grave chief)

JIMSON WEED, SACRED DATURA, Datura meteloides: moamop'

JOINT REED: pawhaw' wuhchuh'choogwe nump

JOKING, MAKING FUN:

1. Uhjuhts'

2. I'm just saying that: nawvus' un aik (from nawvus' nothing)

JOSHUA TREE Yucca brevifolia:

1. Osaw'dumpeev

2. Choowaw'duhmp

JUMP (to jump down, over, or off):

1. Tawpook

2. Wuhvuhk'ee

To jump in response: wuhvuhk'umee

JUMPING MOUSE, Zapus princeps: paiyuhm'puhts

JUNCO, SLATE COLORED, Junco hyemalis: noovu' toampoa'koytch (lit, snow toampoa'koytch) JUNCTION (of roads):

1. Poa' nawvung'utookenaw

2. Povo'uhunt (plural)

JUNIPER, CEDAR TREE, Juniperus utahensis and osteosperma: wawup'

JUST, ONLY, EXCEPT, BUT, ALTHOUGH, IN SPITE OF, EXACTLY, SUITABLE: -sump in spite of What he said: aikuh'sump ung

Let it be exactly like that: munee'sump

Just stay there: mu'vu sump unee'ku, mu'vu sump ooni'nee

Go ahead and bite me: kuh'uh'ee sumpun

Only me, just me: nuh'sump

If you want to: oonee'sump pa-hai

KANGAROO RAT, Dipodomys: tawwee'uts

KEEP ON (to), PERSISTENTLY, STUBBORNLY, QUICK, FAST, HARD (to continually do, to do Hard or fast): puhngku'nee

Keep going: puhngkun'eng oa

Keep doing it: puhngku'onee

KEY: chukwee'nump (lit, twisting thing)

KICK: tungai

He's kicking: tuntdung'ai ung

I'm kicking: nuh tuntdung'aiun

KIDNEY: pesup'ov

Your kidney: pesup'om

KILL, WIN (singular): pukaw-

I'm going to kill you: nuh pukaw' ompawm

(plural): koahoyp'

Killed them all: koahoy'kaium

I killed them all: nuh koahoy'kaiun

KILLDEER, Charadrius vociferus: pawntuh'keets

KIN (see relation)

KIND (see soft)

KING SNAKE: suhng, suhng'uv, suhng'ump

KISS:

1. Kees (Eng. kiss)

2. Pechee' (suck)

Will kiss you: tuhmpai'um pechuhng'umpaw (lit. mouth-suck-will)

KNEAD (see squeeze with fingers)

KNEE: tunguv

Your knee: tungu'voom

KNEELING: tawn'udoy kawdee

KNIFE: we'-eets', we' -eech'

His knife: mung'ai we'-eets'

My knife: nuh'nai we'-eets'

KNOCK (to): mawvoan'toahoy

KNOCKED OUT: woachok'ween

Knocked him out: woacho'kwe ung

KNOTTED STRING: tawpee'chup

KNOW (to) (see understand):

1. Tooveech'

Doesn't know how: kaw toovee'ait

Doesn't know how to do it: kaw oonee'tooveait

I'm learning to be smart: toosoo'ai tooveech'oowaiun

2. -Skway, -vaius

I don't know: oodoo'skway

I don't' know about it, (I don't think so): oodoo'vaius

I don't know about him, (it's up to him): oongwu'vaius, oongwu'skwai

You know, it's up to you, (ask yourself): emee'skway

It's up to you (plural): muhmuh'evaius

It's up to them: oomuh'skwai

LADY (woman): Mumowts’ (Plural) Mumown

LADY BUG: Mumow pa auv

LAKE: pah' kawduh (lit, water sitting)

LAMBS QUARTERS, PIG WEED:

1. Chenopodium fremontii koav' (Koosharem)

2. Chenopodium album pee'gee nungkaw'vawm (lit, pig's ears) Cedar City

LAME (to limp): sawngkuhd'

One who limps, lame: sawngkuhts'

LAND: tooweep, tooveep

LARD (seefat)

LAST ONE (the last one following along): nengwoo'venunkw

LATE, BEHIND: nengwoo'venu pawchuhk

LATER, AFTER WHILE:

1. Kai'uhsoon

He hasn't arrived yet: kaiuhs' pechuhng'wais

2. Pee'kai

3. (see next) penunk'

LAUGH: keyunk'ee, kia

Always laughing: keyunk'oomeent

LAVA ROCKS, LAVA FLOW: too' yoonuv

LAY (to lay with the hands) to lay an object on with the hands: mawkuh' nunump

Laying on of hands: mawkuh-nai

Administer (lay on hands in prayer): mawvoo'kweep

LAY, LIE:

(singular): awvee'

Lying, ridge: awveech

Lying around: awvee'nee

Staying overnight: awveng'wee

(plural): kwawvee'

LAZY: nandum'muh-ai

LEAD (see guide)

LEADER: mooeed'

Your leader: mooeen'chum, mooeen'tum

Man leader, boss: mooeen'tungwung

LEADING, IN FRONT, AHEAD: mooweep

I want to go ahead: nuh mooee'vaw

LEAF, EAR: nungkuv', nungkawk'

LEAKS: pawcho'cho whaiuk

LEARN: tooveech

LEATHER: peghup', pehup'

LEAVE (see forget)

LEFT HAND: kwee-

Left-handed :kwe'-ee'kunt

LEG: yoo'-oo'

Your leg: yoo'-oom'

Water legs: pai yoo'-oots'

Bloody legs: paop'ee yoo

LEGENDS, MYTH, STORY: tookwee'nup (these stories are basically fairy tales that are designed

To show some evidence of legitimacy by showing analogies in nature.

LEGGINGS, PANTS: koos', koosuts'

(plural): kookoo'suts

LEGS UP IN THE AIR WHILE LYING DOWN (as a baby does): tawchai

LET (see make): -vu

Don't let it fall: kaw oowee'vungwu

LET GO (to): mungoop'

Let go of it: mungoop'uk

LET IT BE, NEVER MIND: empai'uk oonee'vu, empai'uk oodow'vu

LET ME GO WITH YOU: nuh' muheng'kwaivaw, nuh emeeng'whaing

LET'S GO:

Let's go: vuh'dum (dual)

Let's go then: vuh'dum eku

Let's go dance: oowee' vawdum

Let's go home: paiay'kwai vawdum

Should we go?: vuh'dum oo'vai?

Let's go to the meeting: vuh'dum soopawd'oupawntookwum

Let's go to town: town'e kwai vawdum

Let's go (plural): vuh'dungw

Let's go (more than two): uhvuhts'udung

LEVEL (see plain)

LICK:

1. Kweu'pee, kweuk'

Lick yourself: kweuv'um

2. Lick it: a-ho'dovee (from a-ho'uv tongue)

Lick it: a-ho'doveuk

LID: toowup'

LIE, UNTRUTHFUL: toovuhs'uddai (lit, it's a lie)

LIFT (to): kwuhuhk'

LIGHT, SHINING: punai', punu'kaw

LIGHTNING: punuk'wees, punuk'wuhs

LIKE, LOVE, WANT, NEED, WISH: ow'suhntuhee

I really love you: tooveets' ow'suhntuheun

I want that one: ow'suhntuheuk mud'uhn

LIKENESS (see resemble)

LINED UP, IN A ROW: nawvee'cheku

Hanging in a row: oongwai' nawvee'chekunt

One after another: unee'nawveecheku

Lined up behind: nawvee' nawpawchuhk

Lots lined up behind: nunu'penuk

LIP (upper lip or mustache area): tuhmpu'kwusevum

LIPS (see mouth)

LIQUOR (see wine)

LISTEN: nungkaw'kai

LITTLE BIT: meunts', meunts'unee

LITLE BOY: ai'puts, ai'pu, aip'

LITTLE, SMALL, TINY: meah'puhts, meah'pee meu'peech

LIVER: nengwoomp'

LIVING, ALIVE: nengwoo'kain

I'm living: nengwoo'kaiun

LIZARD (collective name for most lizards): sekoo 'peets

LOAD (see carry)

LOCKED: tsukwu, chukwee'

Locked up: chuhkwee’kaivu

He's locked up, in jail: kechoong'wung

LOCOWEED, Astragalus purshii:

1. Chuhkwee'kaivu (Koosharem)

2. Pataw'kai nump (lit. popping thing)

3. Sawdu'ganump (lit, rattling thing)

LOCUST, Robinia neomexicana: peu' sechump 'eev (lit, sweet scratcher)

LOCUST, CICADA, Cicadidiae: kuhv, kuhoov'

LONESOME:

1. Nuhnuhnts'tsungaiee

2. To miss someone or something: soowaw'duhkuheun

LONG (in length): puawn'tuh muhnee, puawn'tuhnee

LONG TIME AGO: ees, wee'tuhs

LOOK: puhn'nee, puhnee'ku, ni'ku (a shortened version).

Looking: puhnee'kai

LOST: mu'ung'

I'm lost: mu'ung'engchun

LOTS (see much)

LOUD: pu'aw'nee (from pu' awn' high)

LOUSE: pouv'

Lice: tseuv'

LOVE (see like)

LUNCH (carried in a bag): tookwus'

LUNGS: soav

Your lung: soam

LYING IN WAIT: mawntsuh'ai awvee' (lit, to catch while lying)

LYING ON YOUR BACK: pawdu'metook

MAD (see angry)

MAGPIE: maw'kwaiuv, maw-kwaiuts (kwaiuv'and kwaiuts' are shortened forms)

MAHOGANY (CURL-LEAF), Cercocarpus ledifolius: toonump', toonup'

MAKE, CREATE, BUILD:

1. -Echooum, -ekwoai

Let's go build a house: kawneents'ekwai vawdum

2. Mawduhngk'

In the name of He who created the earth: Oongwai neu'pawtuhk tooweep'uh mawdo'koym mawpuhkunt'uh

3. -do

Make some bread: pawn'uh dong oa, pawn'u do

Make a cradle board: koano'dong oa, koanod'do

To make a bow: awchuh duh'

MAKE, LET: -tee

Make a fire: nawai'tee

Make her cry: ya-haw'teung

Let me do it: nuh oonee'teng

Let (make) him do it himself: mungu'tus oonee'teng

MAKING BELIEVE (see pretend)

MALLARD: achuh'

MAMMOTH, MASTODON: mooyai sevee'u

MAN: tungwuts'

MANNER (see way)

MANO, MEALER: moouts'

MANY (see much)

MANZANITA, Arctostaphylos: awdu'dumpeev (Kaibab)

MARCH: sovawdum muduhwuts, so'vai muhunts (lit, meanest moon).

(There was some confusion with the informant, Carl Jake, as to the English equivalents. This month could be either February or March)

MARE: peup'

MARROW: pekoo'hoom

MARRY (to):

1. Pengwud'u (from pengwu' wife)

I'll marry you: nuh pengwu' doongpawm

They got married: pengwu' doong kwuntum

2. Married: nawhoom'

MARSHHAWK ,Circus cyaneus: maaw'vu chukuts

MASTURBATE: wuh'uh' keyu'teku (lit. penis-playing)

MAT, RUG: sumup' (this word can be used for anything that is spread out including a blanket, tablecloth, etc.)

MATCH: koonut' (seefire)

Give me a match: koonaw' muhawng'wuhn

MATCHBRUSH, BROOM SNAKEWEED, Gutierrezia sarothrae:

1. Yoowaw'dump, yoowu'unump

2. Koo'kwunump (this last word is only used by the Kaibab band; however, they also use

yoowu'unump)

MAYBE: soov'

ME (see I)

ME TOO: nuh’kainee

MEADOW LARK, Sturnella neglecta: ee'toowuts

MEAN, FIERCE, ANGRY:

1. Nawngung'kunt

2. Always wanting to fight: too-oo'kunt

3. so'vai

Mean month: so'vai muhunts (an undetermined winter month; see March)

MEASURE: tuhkai'

MEAT: tuhkoo'uv

MEDICINE ROCK: poowu'duhmp

MEDICINE, HERBS, PILLS: moosoo'tookweev

MEDICINE MAN (he who uses his supernatural powers to do either good or bad): poowu'hunt oong (compare witch doctor)

MEDICINE MAN, HERBALIST: moosoo'tookwe hunt (lit, one who has medicine)

MEETING (see assemble)

MELTED: su'ung, su'aing'

MENSTRUATE:

1. Na'aw'hawdee, na'aw'hawduh (lit. sitting alone)

2. Moounts'ee hawduh (lit. moon-sitting)

She's menstruating: mooun'ung (lit, she's mooning)

You're menstruating: mooun'um (lit, your mooning)

MESA (see top)

MESQUITE, HONEY MESQUITE, Prosodis: opeemp'

METAL, MONEY (see iron): punu'kawd (lit. shining)

METATE:

1. Mawd'

2. Moouts (Koosharem)

MEXICAN: hookwuts'

MIDDLE (see half and between)

MIDGET: nanduh'veets

MIDNIGHT: toahoy' tookwun

MILK:

1. Mooeev'

2. Tawuv'

3. Pe-ee'

4. Mee'deek (Eng. milk)

MILKWEED, Asclepias: pe'-ee' whawvoo'kwunump (lit, milk squirter)

MINE, MY: nuh'nee

It's mine: nuh'nee udun, nuh'nai oodoo'un

My father: nuh'nee mooun

MIRAGE:

1. Nawduh'ku (a phrase from a song)

2. Too'see kawduhd (lit, floating dust sitting)

MIRROR: nawvuhn'e nump (lit, image thing)

MISS (to): kawduhnk'

Keeps missing it: kawduhnk' oome kaiuk

MISSIONARY, PREACHER, PRIEST: Soonung'wuvee umpaw'hawd (lit. Coyote Talker)

MISTER (see sir)

MIX:

Mixing liquids: pawdoo'pee

Mix it: pawdoo'euk

MIXED: nawnaw'hawninee oonee'kunt

MOCCASIN: nengwoo' pawtch, nengwoo' vawchuts. (Moccasins were originally called "pawtch" but since they have become a rarity due to the modern shoe, moccasins are now called Indian shoes.)

MOCKING BIRD: yump

MOJAVE INDIAN:

1. Aiut'

2. Ma-uhkaw'uhveech

MOLASSES (Eng. molasses): mudus'

MONEY:

1. Punu'kawd (lit. shining)

2. Muhnee (Eng. money)

3. Tuhmpeem' (used at Moapa, from tuhmpee' rock)

MONSTER (see Ghost)

MOON, MONTH:

1. Muhyu'tohots, muhunts'

2. Maw'tohots (Koosharem)

3. Month (Eng. month). -umuts'

September: yoovun'umuts (lit, fall month)

MOOSE: paiyoo'kwutch

MORMON (Eng. Mormon): Moa'mun, Moa'munee

MORNING STAR: tawtsee'untsaw pootseev, tawsuh'untoo pootseev, tawsuhn'too pootseev

MORNING, TOMORROW: ee'chuhk

In the morning: ee'chukoos, wee'chukoos

This morning: aw'wechuhk

MOSQUITO: moouv'

MOTH:

1. Moo'sevuhkots

2. Wuhsee'u vuhkuhts. Wawseev' are the fine scales that come off the moth's wings (see stickers).

MOTHER: peyuh'

His/her mother: peyung

My mother: peun'

MOUNT (see exit)

MOUNTAIN GOAT: kai'tos (Moapa and Las Vegas)

MOUNTAIN LION (see cougar)

MOUNTAIN SHEEP, DESERT BIGHORN: nawk', nawghaw', nagah

MOUNTAIN: kaiv

Mountain lying down: kai'awvahv

MOURNING DOVE: aiyov'

MOUSE: pooee’chuts

MOUTH OF CANYON:

1. Tuhuk', tuh'

2. Sekai'uk toompawk (lit, a crack's mouth)

MOUTH, LIPS: tuhmpum'

One Who Doesn't Talk (a personal name): Tuhmputs'

MOVE OUT OF THE WAY: emee'tuhkwaw

MOVE (to move or to travel far away): meyawv'ughai.

Let's move away: meyowm'padum

I moved away: meyaw'vuhai koochun

MOVEMENT (of the body), MOVE ABOUT, STIR ABOUT to move the entire body: munai to move one part of the body munung'oomee.

MOVIE, SHOW (Eng. show):

1. Soo'

2. punun'tseets (Chemehuevi)

MUCH, LOTS, MANY: awvawn

Lots of it: awvawn'ooud, awvawn'oot

Many: awvawn'utuhnee

MUD: weuv'

Watery mud: pawng'weuv

MULBERRY, Moraceae: moakov'

MULE mooduts' (Eng. mule)

Mules: mooduts'engw

MUSCLE, STRONG: suh’uh-'

MUSH, SOUP: sa'awp' (lit. boiled)

MUSKRAT: pawdung'wunt

MUSTARD WEED: oaw'suent

MUSTACHE (see whiskers)

MYSELF, JUST ME: nuh'sump

NAKED (see barren)

NAME: neud

To have a name, named: nineu'hunt

Your name: neum'

What is your name?: unineu'hunt uhm?

My name is: nuhnineun

NARROWS (where a river narrows down): nawchook'weech

NASAL FLUID: moopeek'ee, moopeek'

NASTY (seley): nawai'suhunt

NAVAJO:

1. Pu-hawne Weets (lit. Cane Knife People)

2. Wee' Kwuseets (lit. Knife Tail people) Kaibab

NAVEL CORD:

1. Sekaw'vee

2. Sekoo'soodung

NEAR (not quite there): eyu'tuhs, eyun'uhs

NEARLY (see almost)

NECK: koduv'

Hugging around the neck: koodai'um aiun'ookwai

NECKLACE: kawk

NEED (see like)

NEEDLE: chawhaw'nump (lit, sewing thing)

NEGRO:

1. Too' Mawduh'kawts (lit. Black American)

2. Ni'kuhts, Ni'keets, Negeets (Eng. Negro)

3. Too' Negeets (lit. Black Negro)

NEPHEW:

1. Brother's son: koo'uv

Your nephew: koots'eem

2. Sister's son: suhnunts'

My nephew: suhnunts'un (suhnunts may also refer to a maternal uncle, or parallel cousin)

NERVOUS:

1. Mawsuhng'ekee

2. Nawguh'tsai (Moapa)

NEST, HAVEN, PREPARED PLACE: Sonee'ung. (This word refers more to the inner part of a nest; a soft, comfortable, warm haven where one is safe from harm. It is also a place prepared by someone for those who depart this life. The Pleiades has this name, for it is there that Coyote's wife and daughters fled to safety from him.)

1. Sonee' vuhdookwai (lit, to prepare a place for someone so that it will be ready when he arrives)

2. Nest: nouv'u teung (a bird's nest)

NEVER MIND (see let it be)

NEW MOON: aw' muhyu'tohots', aw' moounts

NEW: aw'uhkawd, aw'-

New house: aw'kawnee

NEXT, NEXT TIME, LATER, AFTERWARDS, FOLLOWING: penunk'w

Next day: penu'tawv

Next summer: penu'tawtch

Next winter: penu'tom

A little while later: penunk'wunee

Following him: oongwu'venungkw

NIECE:

1. Pa'awts'

2. Nuhmpee'uts

NIGHT, DARK: tookwun'

It's getting dark: tookwu'deuk

NIGHTHAWK, COMMON, Chordeiles minor: peum'oanoaupuhts

NIGHTHAWK, LESSER, Chordeiles acutipennis: pee'yoots

NINE: soowaw' toaho mawsuhng'wee

NIT: cheeu'peech (the eggs of a louse or a small louse itself. This word is diminutive of tseuv', the word for lice)

NO: kawtch, kaw-

NOBODY, NO ONE: kaw nengwoo'ait

NOISE (see sound)

NOISY, CLAMOROUS: padaw'dai (this word means making a great deal of noise and can be used when refering to a baby or even a car)

NONE, NOTHING:

There isn't any: kawchuk'

I have none: kawchun', kawchoo'un

NOON: toyhoy'tavai (lit. middle-day)

NORTH WIND, COLD WIND: kweum

North wind blowing: kweum'ai, kweu'munt

NOSE:

1. Mooveep'ee

Your nose:mooveem'

2. Muhnchuhv', moonchoov'

NOT, NEGATIVE: kaw-, kawchoo-

I'm not mad: kawchoo nungai'aingwu

No arm: kaw puhdait

NOT PAYING ATTENTION:

I wasn't paying attention kawmus'un ainee wainee

NOTCHED: weuhd'ukunt

NOTHING, JOKING, EASY: nawvus'

Nothing to it: nawvus'tuhmp

NOW: ai'oov, aw'oov'

NUMB (when a portion of your body goes to sleep): tawsuhng'ee

Seeping hand: mawsuhng'ee

Sleeping leg: tawsuhn 'eng

NUMB, PARALYZED (lack of feeling and ability to move): toongkoont'towng

NURSING: pechuhng', pechuh'vung

OBEY (see believe)

OBSIDIAN: toop

OBSTINATE (see stubborn)

OCHRE (see iron oxide)

ODOR, SMELL: kwunu'meent

OFF (to come off, such as a ring from a finger): to-awk'

Take it off: toopuk'

OLD, ANCIENT (inanimate): ee'tuhmpuhts, wee'tuhmp

OLD MAN: naw'poo, naw'poots

OLD WOMAN:

1. Mows'uhoych, maw'puhts

2. Punaints (Koosharem uses the above, plus punaints')

ON, UPON: awvawn'

On that one: mud'awvawn

On top of a person: nengwoo'vawn

ONE EYED, TO WINK: onchok'

ONE MORE TIME, AGAIN: soo'tus

ONE PLACE: soo'kopaws

ONE: soo'ee, soo’kos, soo'yus

ONION: sevoy'u (Spanish ciebolla)

OPEN:

1. Mawduhng', mawduhng'ween

2. Too'wenuk.

Opening it: tawtoo'wenuk

OPEN YOUR MOUTH: kuhpuk'ai

OPENLY, UNFEIGNED, TRUTHFUL (not done in secret): ow'wainee

OREGON GRAPE, Mahonia repens: weump'eev

ORGAN PIPE CACTUS, (or saguaro): haawv' (Chemehuevi)

ORGASM, CLIMAX (male):

1. Awveem tawngwuk'enu (lit. semen shooting)

2. Kookwee' (lit, to shoot)

ORION'S BELT (the three stars in the constellation Orion): nawhung' (lit. mountain sheep (plural)

ORPHAN:

1. Kaw moo'ait (lit, no father)

2. Tuhduh' hawd, tuhduh'heets (lit. barren)

OTHER SIDE:

1. Munungk' (visable)

On the other side: munungk'opawk. munung'kwup

Coming back from: munungk'wuhai

2. Munawp (Blanding)

OUCH: uddee', uddow', unow'

OUR (see we)

OUTSIDE:

1. Awvee'nawp

2. Tuh'duvaw (see barren)

Laying outside: tuhd'uvaw awvee

It's blowing outside: nuh'ai'uk tuh'duvawnt

OVER THERE: wawn

OVER, ACROSS: awvawk'

OVERCOME (see easy to do)

OWE: nahwhawv'

OWL, BURROWING, Speotyto cunicularia: mookoo'hoots

OWL (GREAT HORNED): moo'-oom'puhts

PACK UP, GATHER UP: naw'vai

Pack it up: naw'vai tengwuk nawvaing'wuk

PACK RAT: kawts

PAIN, ACHE, PAIN, HURT: pukawng'kee

I'm hurting: pawkai'un

PAINT (earth pigments of different colors found near Overton, Nev.): toodoov'

PAINT (to), DECORATE: mawu- (lit, to rub on)

Paint it: mu'ung'wuk

PAIR: nawvuh'u (from nawvuhn' image)

PAIUTE: Paiyuhts

PALM (of the hand): mawpai'awvoon

PALMER PENSTEMON, Pensterrton palmeri: toho'u sawdu'ganump (lit. rattlesnake rattler)

PAN: punu'ohots (lit, metal bowl)

PANT (see blow)

PANTS (see leggings)

PAPER (Eng. paper): pawpee'duv

PARALYZED (see numb)

PARTURITION, GIVING BIRTH:

1. Toowung'w

She had her baby: toowung'oonung

Having a baby: toowai'unee

2. We'-ee'puhkunt (lit, fell out)

PASS (to):

1. To pass another going in the same direction: aw'paong

Let's pass him: ungu' paom' padum

It passed us: tdum'e paon'tsuk

2. To pass someone who is going the opposite direction: naw'opung

PASS OUT (to pass out from drinking):

1. Awmuh'u kwepuk'u (lit, to fall drunk)

2. Pai yai', pai yai'eku (lit, water die)

3. Pawhoy'puhku (Shivwits)

PASS, DIVIDE, SADDLE (in a mountain):

1. Muhuv', muhuk'

2. Mawdo'enawk (lit, in the opened place)

3. Mawduh'uk (lit, it's open)

PATCH (closing something up or covering a hole): wuhtoo'noo nanawk'u

PATIENT (see good and silent)

PAY (see buy)

PEACE: nawhoo'kwee kawduhk (lit. war stopped)

PEACEFUL (see happy)

PEAK:

1. A conical peak or object: kwevoo'awmawk

2. Kwe'choovunt

PEAS: Wechee' nupuv (lit, bird's eggs)

PEEK, PEEP: sootsee'

Peeking out: sootsee'nee

PEEL (see skin)

PENCIL: po'-oh'nump (lit, writing instrument)

PENIS: wuh'u'pee

Erect penis: wuh'u' nungai'ai (lit. angry penis)

PEPPERMINT: pawkoa'nunump, pawwhaw'nunump

PERSON (see Indian)

PERSONAL SONG: nunu'kaw awv'oouv

My own singing: nawno' kawnun

PET, DOMESTICATED, TAMED: poongkoots', -voongkoots

Pet dog: sawdee' voongkoots

Pet horse: kuvaw' voongkoots

We have a pet bear: nuhm kweyu'kuntuh voongkoo' kwuntuhm

PETROGLYPH, PICTOGRAPH (a written message, in any form, upon a rock): tuhmpee’po'-ohp' (lit, rock writing)

PHEASANT:

1. Ungawd, (lit, red one)

2. Chupun'ee wetseech' (lit. Japanese bird)

PHOTOGRAPH, PICTURE, PORTRAIT: naiahv'uteep

PIERCED EAR: nuhngku'vawm mawcheu'pawk

PIG:

1. Kwecheen' (Span. cuchina)

2. Pe'keets (Eng. pig)

PILLOW: toachung'eep, toasung'eep

PILLS (see medicine)

PINCH HIM:

1. Tsi'tsuh'meung (Koosharem)

2. Sechoo'meung

He's pinching me: sechoom'ee chungun

I'm going to pinch you: sechoom'evum

PINE (fir and spruce): oahomp'

PINE CONE: kawvoo'uv

PINE GUM: sunup'ee, sunup'

PINE HEN, BLUE GROUSE, Dendragapus obscurus: kaom'puhts

PINE (probably limber pine Pinus flexilisis or bristlecone pine Pinus aristata): pawnaw' oahomp.

PINENUT:

1. (large Nevada and Western Utah variety): toovuts' (plural) toov'

2. (small southern Utah and Arizona variety): pawduhv'

PINK, REDDISH: ungkaw'seukawd

PINTO, SPOTTED: sai'kudum

PINYON JAY, Gymnorhinus cyatiocephala: ungunts'

PINYON PINE Pinus edulis and monophylla: toovup'

PIPE: chuhmoo', kwou moochoo'ung

Smoking a pipe: kwou moochoo'kwai

PISTOL: pee'stonu (Eng. pistol)

PITCH, RESIN, PINE GUM: sunup, sunup'ee

PLAIN, FLAT LAND, LEVEL: yoo-wawv'

PLANT (to), TO FARM: uhu'

Going to plant: uhu'vawts

I'm going to plant: uhu'vawnt

PLANTS (see brush)

PLAY: keu'

Game: keup'

Go play: keu'te kwai

PLEIADES: Sonee'ung (see nest for an explanation of this word)

PLUME: wusee'udook (lit. feather-under)

POINT OF A HILL: mookwun'

Has a point: mookwun'ekunt

Pointed: mookwun'eench

POINTED HILL: weoom'ookweuhunt (from weeoovb awl)

POINTING:

Pointing a finger: ma-hoo'kwenum

POKE, JAB (to poke or prick with something pointed and sharp): sehee'ton, segee'tonaw (from tonu' to hit with a thrust)

POKER, FIRE STICK:

1. Stirrer, stirring instrument: chikood'oonump

2. Kwetsee'toa

POLE, POST: uhduv'

POLICEMAN: tawpee'chuts (one who ties)

I'm going to be a policeman: nuh tawpee'chuts ekaivaw

PONDEROSA, Pinus ponderosa: yooveemp'

POOR: ta-haw'puhts

POP, EXPLODE: patawk'

PORCUPINE: yoongoom'puhts, yuhnguh'puhts, yuh'uhm'puhts

PORCUPINE QUILL :yoo'-oo'munuv (lit, porcupine thorn)

Sewing on quills, doing quill work: yoo'-oo' munuveem cha-hai

Sewn with quills, quill work: yoo'-oo' munu'veem cha-haw'kunt

POSITIVELY (see sure)

POTATO:

1. Indian potato, Orogenia lineanfolia: whechuhn'

2. (Eng. potato): tuh'dus

POUND IT IN:

1. Taio'kwunkuk

2. Kweep'oanoy uk

POUR: chawm

To pour in squirts, to shake out: chawchawm'

POW-WOW (see assemble)

POWDER HORN: koochung'wu awp

PRAIRIE DOG: aiah'vuhts

PRAY: tooveech'uh kuhn'u moou' vawchuh'num (lit. asking-I'm-father-towards)

Praying for it umpawhawng kuhuk (lit. talk-gets)

PRAYING MANTIS:

1. Tuh'euts

2. Nuhmu'hawpeev (Shivwits)

PREACHER (see missionary)

PRECEDING (see first)

PREGNANT: nou'kwunt

PRETEND, MAKING BELIEVE:

1. Making believe: nawsuhmp'

2. Pretending: oonee'tee (lit. just doing that)

PRETTY, GOOD LOOKING, CUTE, FANCY:

1. U'up'uchoonee, up'usuhwuhnee

2. Peyuhn'ai

You're looking nice: peyuhn'unchechum

It's cute peyuhn'ud

PRICKLY PEAR, Opuntia engelmannii: yoowuv'

PRICKLY PEAR FRUIT: yoomuv

PRIOR (see already)

PROPHET, SEER: pawdoo’koots

PROUD, SHOWING OFF, ADMIRING YOURSELF: naw suh'denkuhee (lit. afraid of yourself)

Proud of you: suhduh'enkuheum

PUBIC AREA: penu'seku

PUBIC HAIR:

Penis hair: wuh'u' moasoa

Vagina hair wuhkuh' moasoa

PULL, DRAG: peyo-', peyo'hong

Pull it: peyo'hongwuk

PULL OUT (to): ootoop'

Pull it out: ootoop'eenuk

They pulled it out: ootoo'veets' ukwum

PUNISHING, HURTING: pukaw'pee (from pukawng'kee pain)

PURGE:

To push intestinally: moomoo'chooungkuhee

PURPLE, BRUISE: toa-whawd' (the word for bruise is also the word for purple because a Bruise is purple)

PURSUE (see chase)

PUS: pekeep'

PUS THAT COMES OUT OF EYES: pawsok'

Pus eyes: wekeev'oowemees

PUSH: too'kweuk

PUT IT ON, WEAR IT (to put on an article of clothing): tawnuh'kee

Put it on: tawnuhk'euk

Wear it around: tawnuhk'eeneuk

Try it on: nawhaw'kaiuk

PUT IT TOGETHER: numai'uk wawch

PUT YOUR HANDS UP: mawntsaw'kai

PUT, SET:

(Singular): wawchuh'

Put it away: wawchoong'wuk

It's put away: wawchuh'kunt

(Plural) yoonuk'

Put them away for me: yoonu kuhuk'un

Let me keep them: yoonu'kai vawkwun

Many put away: yoonu' nawveechekunt

PUT WITH, ADD: puhu-'

Add it: puhud'evuk (lit, put it with it)

Put five cents with it: puhud'evuk five cents ee

With him: -puh ung

QUAIL: awkaw-dumpuhts

(Plural): awkaw'dumpuhts eng

QUAKING ASPEN, Populus tremuloides: suhuv' seuv

QUAKING ASPEN SAP: suhngu'veuv (lit. aspen-sweet)

QUARREL (see argue)

QUARTZITE: kawntuh mp-

QUICK, FAST (see keep on)

QUIET (see silent)

QUILT (see blanket)

QUIVER: oogoon', hookoon' (lit. arrow sack)

QUIVERING BREATH (to take a deep quivering breath like a person does when he cries): yawhaw' soowu'kuheun (lit. I'm cry breathing)

RABBIT BLANKET: kumoo' muhdoo'ee

RABBIT BRUSH, Chaysothamnus nauseosus: skoomp, spoomp

RABBIT BRUSH GUM: skoo' sunuk'oh

RABBIT HEAD GAME: tawsuhng'uhmp instrument used in game tawsuhng'unump

RACE: nontseeku (this word means flying and as in English may refer to racing)

RACCOON: yumus'uts

RAG: pawnuh'seev (Koosharem)

RAGGED, WORN OUT (see wearing out): pekweep'

Ripped up: puhguh'kekwaip

RAGWEED, Ambrosia: pawwhu'munump

RAIN oongwai'

RAINBOW: pawdo'kwawveech, pawdoo'kwawv

RASP (notched stick used as a musical instrument in the Bear Dance): wuhnuhd'uhnump

RATTLE SNAKE:

1. Toho'uv

2. Kweuts (Moapa)

RATTLE: sawdu'gai (this word can also represent a death rattle in the throat of someone who is about to die)

RATTLESNAKE WEED, Euphorbia albomarginata: tooveep'uh kawhaiv (lit, earth's necklace)

RAVEN (see crow)

RAW (see unripe)

RAWHIDE: awtup'

READING: po'-oh'puhnee (lit, writing-see)

REALLY, TRULY, VERY:

1. Tooveets (see true)

It's very good: tooveets 'aiuk

2. Tuh, tuhnk, teenk (possibly an abbreviated form of tooveets)

It's very good: tuh' aiayuk, tuh' ai

3. Kuhvee'uts (used by the Shivwits in sentences where you might have really hurt someone or really done it)

4. Nukuh' (Moapa)

RED ANT: ungkaw' tawsee'uv

RED BEANS: ungkaw' muhdee'

RED BIRCH, WATER BIRCH, Betula occidentalis: kai'soov, kai'shuhduhts

RED CEDAR, Juniperus virginiana: spawngwup'

RED OSIER DOGWOOD, Comus sericea: ungkaw ' kawnuv (lit, red willow)

RED PENSTEMON: moo'tuntutsee pechuh'meen (lit, the one the hummingbird sucks)

RED RACER: nuntuh'nuv

RED: ungkaw', ungkaw'hawd

Red one: ungkaw' hawdum

RED-TAILED HAWK, Buteo jumaicensis: sunu'kwununts (lit, pitch eagle)

REDO (to do it over): nawvee'nawonenawkum

REED (Phragmites communis): pawhump'

RELATION, RELATIVE, KIN, COUSIN: puhu-(the following term has a closer application than among the Anglos. It implies not only a relative or cousin but in the sense of a dear friend).

My relative: puhun'

Your relative: puhum'

He's related: puhung'

RELUCTANTLY, UNWILLINGLY, NOT WANTING TO: kaw ow'suhntuhee waisump (lit not-like-enough)

REMAINDER, LEFT OVER: peai'

Save me some: peaing'kuhn

REMEMBER, TO HAVE IN MIND: soomai'eku

Can't remember: kawsoomaing'wu

I can't remember: kawchu'kun soomaing'wai

REMOVE, TAKE AWAY, COME OFF:

To remove a stain from cloth: totseng'wu

It never came off: kawchuk' totseng'wu

The paint never came off paint: ud kaw totseng'wu

It will come off: to-awk'aivawnt

REPAIR (see fix)

REPEAT (see again)

RESEMBLANCE, LIKENESS, SEEMS:

1. Nai-ah'vai

It looked like him to me: nai-ahv' unchun

It looks like John: John'ee nai-ahv 'awtseek

2. tThuh'ee

RESIN (see pitch)

RESURRECTED: yu'ai' puhduh'suts (lit. to die and wake up)

RETARDED: tuhnuh'kwechuts

RETURN, TO CIRCLE BACK: kon'ekai

I will return: nuh pekon'evun

RETURN TO, GO BACK (to): paiyuh-'

Go home: paiyuh'kwai

I'm returning home: paiay'kwai vawneun, paiay'kwai vawnin, nuh paiyuh'kwaing

Go home (several): moonis'kwai

Go home (more than two): pawnaw'kwaiuk

Where have you been?: hu'vaichu paiyoong'? (lit, where are you returning from?)

Are you going home?: Uhm paiyuh'kwai vawnt u'?

REVOLVE (see turn around)

RIB: awngwu'tump

RIDGE: awveech' (lit. lying)

RIDING: kawduh'nee

Doing nothing but riding around: nawvus' kawduh' vuhduhkwaw

RIFLE, GUN: toompeoots'

RIGHT HAND, RIGHT SIDE: podu-'

Your right side: podum'ukwut

My right side: podun'ukwut

RINGTAIL CAT, Bassariscus astutus: moosoon' tookoopuhts

RIP, TEAR, SPLIT see cut)

1. Chupu'kainuku (lit, to rip by pulling apart)

Rip it: chupuk'enuk

2. Accidently gives way: puhkuh'kee, pawkawk'

RIPE, COOKED, DONE: kwusuhng'wuhchuk

RISING (see emerge)

ROAD (see trail)

ROADRUNNER:

1. Soonung'wuvee toowuv'ukaip (lit. Coyote's son who once was)

2. Soonung'wuvee toowung (lit. coyote's son)

3. Oachuv'ookaip

ROAST UNDER THE GROUND (to): toomu'-

Roasted: toomung'woochuk

ROBIN: senk'o kwunuv, tsek'wunkwunuv, tse'konung

ROCKCHUCK: yu'um'puhts

ROCK SLIDE (the kind that slides down beneath your feet as you seek to climb it): sawveev'

ROCK, STONE: tuhmp

ROCKING:

1. To rock a baby in your arms: mawnuhnts'chuhkee

2. Rock her: chumuh'eung

ROCKY EARTH: tuhmpee' tooveep

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BEEPLANT, Cleome serrulata: soa'kwunuv (lit. armpit odor smeller)

ROGUE, RASCAL (a person who is considered no good): ee'ai'chum, yu'ai'chum

ROLLED UP: uhduhmp, mawdomp'enawk

I'm going to roll a smoke: kwou' mawdoo'paw oompawn

ROLL OVER: moompu'

Rolling over: moompuv'oodoo roll over! moompuk'oa! roll it over noompai'uhuk

ROOT, STUMP (the base of anything): tuhnuv', toonawk'

ROPE:

1. Tuhsuv, tawsuv'

2. Uhdoomp

ROTTEN:

1. Moeep'

2. Pekeep'

ROUGH: chongkaw'hawd

Rough country: chongkwaw' ooweep

ROUGH ROCK (an unidentified type of rock common at Indian Peak, Utah): chongkwaw' duhmp

ROUND, SPHERICAL, SWOLLEN, BLOATED:

1. To swell up and become round and hard as one's stomach does when a person overeats: poaton', poaton'ee

I'm full: poaton'ekain (lit. I'm round)

2. Utawp'odo

RUBBING ALCOHOL: wheechuv', whechu'koduv (Whechuv is the word for yellow jacket. This name might have been applied to rubbing alcohol because of it's sting)

RUG (see mat)

RUINS: Moo'kweech ee kawnee' kaip (lit. Hopi-house-used-to-be)

RUN:

1. Tohok'wee

2. Tuhduwai (Chemehuevi)

RUN AWAY, BURST INTO A RUN, ESCAPE: kawkawd'uh

Ran away, escaped: kawkawd'uhpuhku

Ran away (plural): meento'nee

RUNNING, FLOWING (liquid, people or animals): nookwee'

He's running: nookwe'nung

Flowing, river stream: nookweent'

RUSHING WATER: sawngwunts'

RUST:

1. Oaw'tsawv, ous'seintu

2. Nawsawnts'spengwuchuk (lit. rust coming out)

SACK, BAG: koonuv'

SADDLE: kawduh'nump (lit. sit-thing)

SADDLE HORN: kawduh'nump totsee (lit, sit-thing head)

SAGE HEN, Centrocerus urophasianus: sechu'

SAGEBRUSH (big) Artemisia tridentata: kawhup'

SAGEBRUSH (collectively): sawngwuv'

SAGUARO or ORGAN PIPE CACTUS, Cereus: ha'awv' (Chemehuevi)

SALIVA: kuhtseep'

To spit out: kuhtsee'oonai

SALT:

1. Ouv'

2. Awsoap'

SALTGRASS, Distichlis spicata: awsoamp'

SAME (see alike)

SAME ONE: uhdu'tuhs

SAME PLACE: oovus'

SAME WAY, ALIKE, COMPARABLE:

1. To copy or to do the same thing again: ow'pus, oop'us, up'suhnee

Just like John: John ung up'suhnee

Don't do like I do: nuh oop'sunee oonee'vungwu

2. To do the same old thing or do it the same way: oonee'soonee

SAND:

1. Fine sand: awtuv'

2. Coarse sand: sewump'

3. Too'goo' (Koosharem)

SAND HILL:

1. Too'goo yooweech (Koosharem)

2. Sewu' toonoo'keed

SANDSTONE: ungkaw' tuhmp

SAP (soft runny sap from any tree): pavoats'

SAY:

To say: ai, mai

Saying: ainch

Did he say that?: maik'udung?

Says it every time, always says it: aing'oomee

Saying it all along: ai'meu

Say some more: aiuh'suh

That's what I say: mai'nookwaik

Say it: ai’tee

He says anything: pawnee ai'tee oong

Said: aik

Said that: ai'puhkunt

As those two said: aik'ooum

That which you said: aik'ainumee

I said: ain, ai'kunt nuh

Those two said: ai'puhkaim

They said: hai'mee

Spoke out: aing'puhku

When you say it: maing'oots

You're saying it: maik'waik

After it was said: maing'uhmuhuts

Did he say that?: Maing woonts'udung?

To say something to someone: mai' ungwee

I'm going to say something to you: aing'kuhpum

Isn't it so?: aing'oa? (used like the English phrase ain't it)

Tell him that: ai'vung kwai

What do you want (say)?: empuh'u aik?

Many speaking (lit, many making noise): wai'kawdum, wai'ekai

SCALP: totsee'um wetoyn'uvu

SCARLET BUGLER PENSTEMON, Eatonii: moo'tuntutsee pechuh'meen (lit, what the Humming bird sucks)

SCATTER (see spread)

SCATTER: chuhkuh'ekaivu

SCATTERING PEOPLE:

Going individual directions: nawnee'nee nungkwetuhk

They travel their individual ways: poodoo'kwawchum nawnee'nunkwetuhk

SCAUP, LESSER Aythya affinis: too' koochoomputs (lit. black koochoomputs)

SCOLD (see angry)

SCORPION:

1. Kwawsee' kwepump (lit, hits with the tail)

2. Podo'tsekunt (lit, has a cane)

SCOULER WILLOW Salix scouleriana: kwechum'paw kawnuv (lit, ugly willow)

SCRAPER (made from the foreleg of a deer for scraping hides and aspens for juice): muntseev'

SCRAPING A HIDE: took'oonai

SCRATCH:

To scratch an itch: chow'nai, tsaw'nai

SCREECH OWL: waw'nawkweech

SCROTUM: chukaiv'oweem koonuv' (lit, testicle sack)

SEA GULL: noovu'dos

SEAMSTRESS: cha-haw 'vuhts

SEARCH (to): puhsaw'haik

SEE (see look)

SEED BEATER: whuhstu'senump

SEEDS: puhee'uk, poowe'uk

SEEMS LIKE IT: ow'wainee, ow'waiuhnee

SEEPING OUT: whawvook'wu, kwawpook'

SEER (see prophet)

SEGO LILY, MARIPOSA LILY Calochortus nuttallii, C. nuttallii: seko', segoo'

SEIZE, GRAB, CATCH: chu'ai' uk (from chu'ai' to hold)

SELFISH: mooud'

SELL: nando'u tuhdu'vee, nandong'wai tuhdu'vee

SEMEN: awveem'

SENSING (see intuition)

SEPARATELY, DIFFERENTLY, INDIVIDUALLY (see alone): na'aw', nawnee'

individual directions: nawnee'nunkwetuhk

Individually, one apiece: nawnee'sooyus

SEPTEMBER: yoovun'umuts, yoovun muhunts (lit, fall moon)

SERVICEBERRY BUSH, Amelanchier: tuhuv' (the berry is called tuhngwump, toowoomp)

SET (see put)

SET THE TABLE: tuhkaw' sumai (lit. eat-spread out)

SEVEN: navaik'uvawt (lit, over six)

SEW: cha-haw'

One who sews, seamstress: cha-haw'duhm

SEXUAL INTERCOURSE:

1. Yoho'-

Let me have intercourse with you: yoho'vum

2. (This word for shoot can refer to inseminating): kookwee

Let me shoot you: kookwee'vawkwun

SHADE: awvuv'

Shade house: awvaw' kawnee

SHADY CANYON: awvaw'uweep

SHADOW: awvaw'um (lit. your shade)

SHADSCALE Atriplex confertifolia: kawnguhmp'

SHAKE. To shake out an object with the hands:

1. Mamawn'e chuh'keuk

2. Kwetoan, whecho

Shake it: wheton'euk

SHAKING, TREMBLING, SHIVERING:

1. Suhnuh'gai

2. Tasuhn'ukee, tasuhn'uhgweek

SHALL, WILL: -vawnee, -pawnee

I shall go home: nuh paiay kwai vawnee, nuh paiay kwaim pawnee

Will you marry me?: nuh'nee udu pingwud' oo vawnee?

SHAME:

To hang the head down: muhyai

SHAMPOO (see soap)

SHARP, EDGE:koong-wu

To be sharp: koong-wu'uhunt (lit. to have an edge)

Sharpen it: koong-wu'deuk (lit. edges it)

SHARPSHOOTER: wenunts, wenu'hunt

SHE (see him)

SHEDDING HAIR: oavee'

SHEEP (Eng. sheep): see'peets

SHEET BLANKETS: kweneev

SHIELD: awtup'

SHINE (see light)

SHINNY STICK: kwepu'nump

SHIRT: tow-uhts'

SHIVERING (see shaking)

SHIVWITS: See'veets, Sivints

SHOE: puawtch', pawtch, -vawchuts'

SHOOT:

1. Shoot a weapon or male orgasm: kookwee'

2. Tawngwuk'enu

SHORE OF A LAKE, WATER'S EDGE: pawgoo'u, pawkoong'wu

SHORT: tawvay'

Short one: tawvay'puhts

Short one standing: tawvay'puhtsuh wuhnee

SHOSHONI (Wyoming): Soa'hots

SHOULD (see could)

SHOULDER:

Your shoulder: chouv'uhm

SHOUT: wa'ung'eng

SHOVEL (Eng. shovel): soa'vuhd

SHOWING OFF (see proud)

SHUT, CLOSED: toongwu-'

Close it: toongwuk'

Closed, shut, in jail: toongwu'kunt

Did you shut it?: toongwung' wuh'chuduk u?

SIAMESE TWINS, RESEMBLE: nuhntuh'eku

SICK: na-hu'mee

I'm sick: na-hum 'eun

SIDE (see half and wall)

SIDEWAYS, CROSSWAYS: wa-hee'chuhk

Put it sideways: wa-hee'chook wuk uneng'oa

SIDE WINDER: tawnu'keets, tawnu'kuhts

SILENT, QUIET (from ai'ee good):

Be silent: ai'nekai

SILLY: moa-hup'

She's silly: moa-hup'uhkunt ung

SINEW, THREAD: tawmoov'

SING: kaw, ka-haw'

You’re singing: kaw'num uhd

SIR, MISTER: oongwus'

SISTER:

1. Elder sister: pawtseets'

2. Younger sister: numeents'

Your younger sister: numeem

SISTERS: nawvuts'eng

SISTER-IN-LAW: nain' pengwun (lit. younger sister wife)

SIT, DWELL, STAY (singular): kawduh'

Sitting: kawduhd, kawdee

Just sit right there: mu'vusump oonee' kawd

Will stay: kawduh'vawnt

Sit still: aw'kawduh

Sit up straight: tuhnk'kawduh

For more than one to sit or stay: yookwee', yoogwee' (plural)

Set them down: yookwee'uk

SITTING CROSS LEGGED: tungu'choy kawduhd

SITTING ON THE GROUND WITH LEGS STRAIGHT OUT: mootawk'hawduhd

SITTING WITH LEGS SPREAD:

APART: tawhaw'saw kawdee

SIX: navai'

SKIN, BARK, PEEL: awsee'-

Bark: awsee'uk

Your skin: awsee'um

Peel it off: awsee'guk

SKINNING AN ANIMAL: tuh-un'ee

SKINNY, BONY:

1. Skinny to the extreme that your bones show: oy'yu'ai (lit. boney-dying)

He or she's boney: oy'yu'aip oong

2. (Not as extreme as: oy'yu'ai) tsaw', chaw

Skinny one: cheu'kwawdum

SKIRT, APRON: pekwun', pekwun'ee

SKULL:

1. O'-oh' totsee'kaip (lit, bonehead-used to be)

2. Totsee' o'-ohy (lit, head bone)

SKUNK: poanee'

SKY: toohoom'paiahv (lit. above- slope)

SLANT EYES: weoo' vooeets (lit, awl eyes)

SLAP:

1. Moa'hoyp-

2. Mawvee-chuhkeengk

SLEEP:

(Singular): awpuh'ee

I'm going to sleep: awpuh'ee whaivawn'eun

John is sleeping: John awpuh'eed

(Plural): hoa'koy'

SLIP (to slip and fall): petuv'

SLIP OF THE TONGUE (saying something you don't really mean):

1. Suhvuh' maiku

2. Tookhoomp'ai

SLIPPERY (see smooth)

SLIT (see cut)

SLOPE (see wall): sevu'vai (Kaibab, not used by Shivwits)

You guys smooth the slope: paoo' sevu'vai tevawkum

SLOW: suneev'

SMALL (see little)

SMART, WISE, INTELLIGENT, CLEVER:

1. Moohoo'uhunt. (lit. sense-has from the word for heart)

2. Smart, intelligent, wise: toosoo'ai

He's smart: toosoo'aiudum

Maybe he doesn't know anything: soov toosoo'ait oong

He's not smart: kawchoo' ung toosoo'aingwai

SMASH, CRUSH, CLAP, SLAP (to press the hands together to crush or applaud): Mawvee'chuhkeengk

SMEAR (to spread something like butter): muawk

Smeared: muaw 'kunt

SMELL (to), SNIFF: ookwee'

Smell it: ookwee'uk

It smells like sagebrush: sawngwuv' oo'kwunuk

SMILING: kuhsuh'eku

SMOKE to smoke a cigarette: kwou' tuhkai (lit, tobacco-eats)

Do you smoke?: emee'chudu kwou' tuhkai u?

SMOKE FROM A FIRE: kwe'-eep'

SMOKING A DEER HIDE: koop'seev

SMOOTH, SLIPPERY: pa'awng'kai, paung'kuhee

It's slippery: pa'awngk'kaiuk

SNAKE (the word for any snake at Moapa): wauhts'

SNAKEWEED (small) Gutierrezia microcephala: kuh'kwunump (Kaibab)

SNEEZE: ungwee'see

Sneezes: ungwee'sengoomee

SNORE: oso'doway

SNOW:

1. Noovuv'

2. First snow of the year: oo'noovuv (lit, nothing snow)

SNOWBERRY Symphoricarpos: awvaw'koonump (lit, thing that goes over)

SNOWSHOE RABBIT: tosaw' kawm (lit, white jackrabbit)

SOAP, SHAMPOO: oos. (this name comes from the soap found in the roots of the Yucca baccata)

SOBERING UP: ahmuh'u puhduh'suts (lit, waking up from being drunk)

He's sobering up: ahmuh'u puhduh'sutsung

SODA POP: spuh'eveep (lit, cold drink)

SOFT SPACE IN FRONT OF NEWBORN BABY'S HEAD: soangwu'kunt

SOFT, TENDER, KIND, GENTILE (refers to meat, cloth, skin, etc.):

1. Paiyook', paiyoo'kwai

Always gets soft: paiyuh'dung omeent

Gets soft: paiyuh'dung ont, paiyuh'du'ung

2. Yoomeekai (this word for weak can also mean soft in certain instances)

SOFTENING IT:

1. Soy'yuhk

2. -Oasont, usunt

Softening an elk hide: paw duh'ee oasont

SOLDIER (Eng. soldier): soeets

SOLID (see stout)

SOME, AMONG, IN:

1. Emun'tuh

It's snowing in the mountains: noovu'waiuk kaiv'emunt

2. Ma'awk'

SOMEPLACE:

1. Soo'vawnt

2. Ma'aw'tuhk, ma'awn'

SOMETHING: soo'kopeet

SOMETIMES (see anytime)

SON (young adolescent years): toowuts

Your son: toowu'um

Big son: peah'toowai

His or her son: toowung'

SON-IN-LAW: moonuts

Your son-in-law: monuts'eem

My son-in-law: moonuts'een

SORE (see pain)

SORE, WOUND: peku', peku'du

Pus, infected: peku'du awkaw

SORREL: tseentuh'kawdum

SORRY:

1. I didn't mean to do it: nawvus oonee' kuhdaik

2. I didn't mean to do it: soo'moane wuhnchun

I didn't mean to say it: soo'moaneuk wainun, soo'moa maing wuhnchun

3. I'm sorry: uhtuh'aiunee

SORT OUT: chuhu'vawcheuk

SOUL (see heart)

SOUND, NOISE: toongwuv'ugai

SOUP (see mush)

SOUR: suhuhngk'ai

To taste sour: suhuhng'kawmai

It's sour: suhhung'kaiuk

SOUTH WIND: petun'um

SPANK (see hit)

SPARROW HAWK, AMERICAN KESTREL Falco sparverius: kuhdee' nungkuts (lit, cut neck)

SPARROWS (collectively): o'euts

SPEAR: sekees', chegees'

SPEARHEAD (this word applies to a stone spear point as well as a stone knife): teep

SPECIAL: ow'tsees

SPECIES, KIND (noun): -muh'nee the kind that flies yuhsuhd'uh muhnee

This kind: echu'tuhnee.

Turned out to be your kind: eem edooud'uhmuhnee

Like unto him: ungud'u umuhnee

SPIDERS (collectively): kookwump'

SPILL: oaw'koo-

spills it: oaw'koomeent

SPIN (see turn around)

SPIRIT (see heart)

SPIRIT HELPER, FAMILIAR: toohoo-his guardian spirit too'hoo ung

SPLIT NOSE: mooveets'ekee'

SPOON: mentsee'ohots, mencho'ohots

Horn spoon: awp' mencho' ohots

SPOTTED: too'enee nawvee'cheku (lit. black spots)

SPOTTED: podo'se-eku (lit, having spots like an Appaloosa)

SPREAD OUT (to spread something out flat): sumu'

Spread out: sumu'kunt

What is spread out (blanket, tablecloth, etc.): sumup

Saddle blanket: kuvaw sumup (lit. horse blanket)

SPREAD, SCATTER, STRETCH: chupuhd', tsupuhts' (to spread something out beyond its Normal limits hence the extensions of scatter and stretch).

It's scattered: chupood'ooekainuk

I'm scattering it: chupood'ooenawkun

Scattered: chupood'ukweenkuk

2. Mumum'ookwawk

SPRING (season):

1. Tawmun

It's getting spring: tawmu'deuk

2. It's getting green: sawngwud'eook

SPRING (water): pah suhpee'tseech (lit. water coming out)

SPRUCE Picea engelmannii and pungens munu: oahomp (lit, sticker pine)

SQUAW BUSH BERRIES: ee'see, e'-ees'

SQUAWBUSH Rhus trilobata: suhv, suh'uhv'

SQUEAK: pinchoa'choy

SQUEAK MADE WHEN WALKING ON FROZEN SNOW: kawng'wu

SQUEEZE IT, SMASH IT: mawnchoo'kwenuk

SQUEEZE WITH FINGERS SEVERAL TIMES, TO KNEAD: maio'cho

SQUIRREL, FLYING Glaucomys sabrinus: oahon tawvawts (lit, pine squirrel)

SQUIRREL, GRAY Sciurus griseus: ung'kawchawn

SQUIRREL, RED Tamiasciurus hudsonicus: ungkaw sekoots' (lit. red squirrel)

SQUIRREL, ROCK Spermophilus variegatus: sekoots'

SQUIRREL, WHITE-TAILED: ohon' tawvawts (lit, pine squirrel)

SQUIRT: kwawpook'

STAB (see hit)

STACK UP: maw-huhn'ai (lit, to put weight upon)

STALLION, STUD: naw'uhkuhts

STAND: to stop or stand while walking (singular) wuhnuh'

I'm standing: wuhnai'un

Stand right there: mu'vusump ooneng'wuhn

To stand up from a sitting position: wuh'wuh'nuh

To tell someone to stand up from a sitting position: wunuhng'oa

To stand up for a cause: wuhnuhnk'ai

(Plural): wungwee'

For many to stand up from a sitting position: wungwee'weuk

Standing in a row: nunup'aioo wungwee

Many were standing: wungwee'puhku

STARS: pootseev'

START UP: toongwu'vawghai (the word for sound and noise also refers to any engine or Device that makes a noise when it starts up).

It won’t start: kaw toongwu'vawghai (lit, it won’t sound)

STAY (see sit)

STEAL (to): yuh'uhngk'ee

Stolen: yuhngk'ukunt

STEAM (see vapor)

STEEL (see iron)

STEEP: paiyaw'hunt (lit. wall-has)

STEP: tawngwun'chuhvaw, tuhdung'wachoovu

Missed a step: tawseech'oogweenk

STEPBROTHER (older): tuhdung'wuchuh pawveets'een (can add sister, mom, dad, etc.)

STERILE: awveem' tawpo'hunt

STICK (see wood and board)

STICKERS, FUZZ wuhsoov', wuhsee'uv, wawseev' (the very fine stickers on prickly pear fruit or The fuzz [scales] on a moth's wings).

STICKING UP, PEEKING OUT: sootsee'

STIFF:

1. Hookwu'kai

2. Chuhkwaw'kawd

3. Tuhntsee'chouk

STILL, PLACID, MOTIONLESS, CALM, QUIET, PEACEFUL:

1. Aw'-

Sit still: aw'hawduh

2. Soo

Be good, sit still, be quiet: soo'ninee

STINGING NETTLE Urtica dioica: kwawsoo kwepump (lit, sting hitter)

STINKBUG: hookoo'vechuts

STINKING FEET: putaw'kawv

STINKS:

1. Pono'ai

2. Kwunai

STIR: skwun

Stir it: sikwun'owuk

STOCKINGS, SOCKS:

1. Tawpup'

2. Tawsuhngk'

3. Taw'kenu (Eng. stocking)

4. Tai-een'keets (Kanosh)

STOMACH: sawwhay 'awm

STONE (see rock)

STOOP (to): poo'kwai

Stooped over: poo'kwunt

STOP, HALT:

1. Tuhdus'u kwaw

Stop it here: tuhdus' kwou'teuk

Stopped again: tuhdus'kwupuhkais

2. Kawduhk' (lit. sits)

STORE (Eng. store): stoo'u

STORY, LEGEND (see legends)

STORY TELLER (one who relates stories): nawduh'kwaynuts, nawduh'gwenup

STOUT, SOLID: tuhntsee'ku

Stout horse: toongkoo'kwawdum

STRAIGHT: mookoont'

Straight ahead: toahoy'mookoont

STRANGER (see different)

STRIKE (see hit)

STRONG: suh'uh'kunt

STRUTTING: peow nengwoo'ukai (lit. being a big Indian)

STUBBORN, OBSTINATE, DISOBEDIENT (see keep on): nungkaw' vait (lit. ears-no)

STUCK, FASTENED, CLINGING (see held fast): pawchaik'eku, pawtsai'eku, pawchaik

It's stuck: pawchai'ekuk

Clinging on the edge: pawtsu' kawdee

STUD (see stallion)

STUMP (see root)

STUNNED: tapaw'see

I blacked out: tapaw'sechun

SUCK, KISS: pechee', pechuh'ee

Suck it: pechuhng'wuk

SUDS: sudonts'eev, sawduhnts'eev

SUFFOCATED: soowaw tuhmaw'ukunt

SUGAR (see sweet)

SUMMER: tawts, tawtch

SUMMIT, CREST, HILLTOP: wuhkawm'

SUN DANCE: tawgoo' wuhnee, tawhoo'wuhnee (lit, thirsty standing)

SUNRISE: tahvai' mungwee'see

SUN, DAY: tavaw-puhts, tawv

SUNDAY, SUNDAY SCHOOL (Eng. Sunday): Sawn'tay

SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus: huhkuhmp', kawngoomp

SUNSET: tahvai'yowk (lit, sun disappearing)

SUPERIOR (see brave)

SUPERNATURAL POWER (to have): poowu'hunt

SURE, POSITIVELY: uhun'ovai

SURELY (see yea because)

SUSPICIOUS (see doubting)

SWAINSON'S HAWK Buteo swainsoni:

1. Kwununt'seets (lit, little eagle)

2. Undo'kwununts (lit, brown eagle)

SWALLOW (to), DRINK: yuh'uhk'ee

Swallow it: yuh'uhk'keuk

Drink from me: yuh'uhk'e vawts nuh'vuchuh

SWALLOW (unidentified bird of the swallow family): paw'su dokupeets

SWALLOW, BARN Hirundo rustica: paw'su toakoytch

SWAMPY: nawsoo'uduh tooweep (lit. sinking ground)

SWEAR: sengkwu'see

SWEAT: tawkai'yai

I'm sweating: tawkai'aiun

SWEEP IT: whechoon'uk

SWEET, SUGAR: peuv

SWEETCLOVER Melilotus officinalis: peu' whawnunump

SWIM: nawvuk'uh nawvuck' (from nawvuk' wash)

SWINGING:

1. Aiyoy

2. Puhduh'duh

SWOLLEN: pawngwuk, pamawk'wechuk (see round)

SWORD (spear): chegees'

SYPHILIS:

1. Oko'pee

2. Mookoo'pe yu'ai (Shivwits and Moapa)

TAIL: kwusee'

TAKE (see get)

TAKE IT BACK: yah'kwaingwuk (compare bring)

TAKE IT OFF, REMOVE IT: tookween

Take it off: tookween'awk

Taking it off: chukwee'nai

TAKE, GET, ACQUIRE, BRING: kuh'uh', kuh'uk, kuh'uhk', kwuh'uhk'

Take it: kuh'uh'uk

TALK, DISCUSS, CONFER: umpaw'hai

Speak up, say something: nunum'pawhaw

To hear talking: umpaw toongwu'vawghai

TALL, HIGH, LOUD, LONG: pu'awn'

Tall one: pu'awn'tuh muhnee

Singing loud: pu'awn'e kai

Long: pu'awn'tuhnee, pu'awn'tuhd

TALLEST: pa' aw'tuhmus, pa'awn'tuhm

TAMARISK, SALT CEDAR Tamarix pentandra: spawngwup

TAME (see pet)

TAN: sunu'- (from the word for pine gum sunup, and its color after it has been chewed as Chewing gum)

TANGLED: na'aw'hawvuk

TANSY MUSTARD Descurainia: awk

TANTRUM (kicking while lying down, like a baby does while crying): taiun'oogwee

TARANTULAS: kawngeng'chohots

TASTE: kawmud'

Taste it: kawmuk'engwuk

TATTOO:

1. Sawkhwaw' nawvoa'up (lit, blue image)

2. Sawkhwaw' pooee'wu

3. Nawvoa'ai (lit. image)

4. Too'munenum (lit, what you made black)

TEAL (green-winged) Anas carolinensis: oampee' koonu'vuhts (lit. ochre sack?)

TEAR (see rip)

TEARS: ya-hawp' pooee' nookwee. (lit. cry-eyes-running), ya-haw'pooeem

TEASING, FOOLING (see bothering):

1. Sechung'wai

2. Nawvus'

I'm just saying it (just joking): nawvus' unaik

TEATS, BREAST:

1. Pe'-eets'

2. Pechoop'ee

TIPI: kawneev', pawde'u kawneev (lit. elk skin house)

TIN POLES: uhduv'

TELL (to): tuhn'neu

Told it: tuhneu'puhkunt, tuhneu'puhkaikw

I'm telling you: tuhneunk'eoom (plural) tuhntuhn'eu

TEN: toahoa' mawsuhng'wee

TENDER (see soft)

TENDERLOIN (the meat on each side of the backbone): oontook'oov, oontook'

Your tenderloin: oontook'oom

TESTICLES: chukaiv'oweem, chukweets

THANK YOU (see good)

1. Toahoy'uk (lit. good)

2. ai'ee uk (lit, it's good)

THAT'S ALL: oo'nesump

THAT, IT, THOSE:

1. (Inanimate visible): mud, mud'u like that one mud'u'tunee

2. (Inanimate invisible): uhd'u, uhd, -u'du, -ud

That which I said: uhd'u ai'kainun it was like that uhduhru'kunt

3. -uk

What are you going to do with it?: hun'euk?

Give it to him: ungud'owuk

Here it is: eyun'uk

THIGH:

1. Inner thighs: puhngku'voo

2. To' -oh'vum

THEM, THEY, THOSE: mum, mauhm, -uhm

THEN: -eepuhn

THERE:

1. (Visible): mu'vu, mu'vai

2. (Invisible): oo'vai

THEREUPON, THEN, AT THAT TIME:

1. Oo'vaiuk

It happened then: oo'vaiuk uneets

Real soon, immediatley: oovai'ukos

2. Ai'tawng

THICK, BROAD (see broad chested)

THIN:

1. (Pertaining to paper, string, etc.): tawkai' nawpeets, tawkee' nawpuhts'unee

2. (Referring to string only): tseu'putsuhnee

THIN-LEAFED ALDER Alnus tenuifolia: pawwhay'uv

THING, INSTRUMENT: -nump (instrument or material with which or by which something is made or done) axe tawvee'nump

THINGS, CLOTHES (see brush):

1. Mu' uv'

My things: ma'awv'uhn

His things: ma'awv' oong ud

Your things: mu'uv'oom

2. Mud'oowuv

THINK (to), REMEMBER:

1. Ai’kainee

I think it's that way: uhduk'hunee

I wasn't thinking about anything: kawmus'un ai'newainee

I was thinking it could be done: nuh'udu maim'pai unee'uk

2. Soomai'

I'm not thinking about anything: kawchoon' soomain'ewainee

Sitting thinking: soompaw'hawduhd

What I'm thinking: nuhn'ee soomai'kain

THIRSTY: tawkuh'ee, tawgoo'

THIS: eench

I said this one: echuh'unaik

This was the water: pai'eench udu'puhku

THIS HIGH, THIS LONG, THIS SIZE: evay, evay'tuhmuhnee

THIS ONE AND THAT ONE (from a song): ee'vee ai'vee

THIS PERSON (present, visible): eeng

THIS SIDE: enunk, enunk'opawk, enunk'wup

THISTLE: paw’tsengupeev

THORN: munuv'

THREAD (see sinew)

THREE: pu'ai, paik, pu'ai'oonee, pai

Three of them: pai'umuhnee

THRESH (to thresh out by stomping): hoakoy', mawhoy'choy, hoakotch', uhoynawk'u. This word is extended to mean shake out and wring in the sense that what is unwanted is done away with.

THROAT:

1. Pawkoym'

2. Pawngween' (Kaibab)

THROAT MUCOUS:

1. Yogwuv'

2. Kuhchuv'

THROUGH: pass through there (telling another where to pass through, visible): mawpaw, mawpoo'.

Pass through over there, that way, through there: oo'paw (invisible)

I'm coming through there: oo'paw ompawn

Pass through here: ee'paw

Come through here, this way: yoo'pu, yuh'pu

THROW (to): tuhduv'ee

Throw it: tuhduv'euk

To throw something over yourself: nawvaw'kai tuhduv'

THROW DOWN OR AWAY (to) (singular): wuhnai'

Throw it down: wuhnai'uk

Throw them away (plural): chungwee'nuk, tsungwee'nuk

Go throw it away: chungwee'no-whaiuk.

THUMB: mawtoa'hom

THUNDER BIRD (a modern term since Paiutes didn't have a thunderbird deity): oonoo'noo wetseech

THUNDER: onoon'ooweench

TICK, WOOD TICK:

1. Mutuv', mutaw'kitch

2. Touv (lit, rabbit tick) Shivwits

TIE, WRAP:

1. To tie up: tawpeech'

2. To wrap or tie a band or ribbon around something to hold it together: wheechai'uh

What is wrapped around, band, cinch: whechup'

Belt: naw' whechup (lit. self-wrap)

TIGHTENED: huhkuhm 'ukunt

It's tight: wukuhm'ungkuk

TIRE, (Eng. tire): tai'u

TIRED:

I'm tired: kawchoo'unchun

I'm getting tired: kawchoong'wuhnchun

TOBACCO Nicotiana trigonophylla:

1. Sakhwaw' kwoup (lit, green smoke)

2. Tawmo'nump

TOE: tawsuh'u

Your toes: tawsoom'

TOGETHER, BOTH, TWO:

1. (Referring to two others): nungwai', nungwais'

both of them: nungwaw'kos, nuwai’koos

2. (Referring to yourself and another): mumais

TOILET: kwechuh' kawn (lit, excrement house)

TOMAHAWK: nengwoo' kwepu'nump (lit. Indian axe)

TOMATILLO, WOLFBERRY Lycium: suhnuh' oop (lit, coyote berry)

TOMORROW:

1. Tu'aik'

2. Ee'chuhk

TONIGHT: aw'tookwun

TOO (see also)

TOOTH: tawngwump

Your teeth: tawngwum'

TOOTHPICK: tawngwu' scood'oonump

TOP, MESA, FLAT TOPPED: tawkawk', tuhkawk'

On top: tawkaw uvawn

TOUCH: mawpeek'

Touch it: mawvee'kuk

To touch you: mawpeek'uvum

TOUGH (see brave) -

TONGUE: a-ho'uv

Your tongue: a-ho'um

TOWARDS: -vawchuh (see direction)

Towards you: emee' vawchuhk

Towards him: ungu'vawchuh

I'm looking at you: emee' vawchuhs puhnin'ee

Looking at me: nuh'vuchuhs puhni'nee

TOY: keu'tenump (lit. plaything)

TRACK, FOOTPRINT: nungwud'eku

TRADE: na'aw’tuhkwung, naw'oo'tookwai (lit, to pass each other)

Let's trade: naw'onk' ootoo'kwai vawdum

TRAIL, ROAD: poa

Roads: povo'uhunt

TRAIN: koonaw' waikenu (lit, fire wagon)

TRANSPARENT, GLASS: suhguhng'kai, suhhuhn-kawd

TRAVEL (see walk)

TRAVELING ALONG (plural): -meu

Singing along: kaw'meu

TRAVOIS: uhduv'

TREE TRUNKS: tawvus'ukoo wungwee (lit. dry-standing)

TREMBLING (see shaking)

TROTTING: mawvoy'ungkwai

TROUT: ungkaw' pawguh'u (lit, red fish)

TRUE, TRUTH: tooveets'

I'm telling the truth: tooveets'unaik

Is it true?: tooveets' u'?

TRUST (see believe)

TRUTHFUL (to speak the truth): tooveech' aintch

TRY IT: munuk'engwuk

TRYING, CAN HARDLY: -muhsoo'ee

Can hardly do it: oonee' muhsoo'ee

TULE, BULRUSH Scirpus: sawmpeev

TUMBLEWEED SaIsola iberica:

1. Mawntee'nu munuv

2. Noopu'nump (lit, rolling bush)

TURKEY (Eng. turkey): tuh'keets, tuh'kee

TURN AROUND (to move in a circular direction as you turn around, like turning around in a car): noy'yaw, noyu'

I'm turning it around: noyun'chuk

TURN AROUND, REVOLVE, SPIN (to turn around while standing in one place):

1. Kweno'

To command to turn around: kwenoong'oa

He's/she's spinning: kwenoong

2. Komee' (a shortened or slang form of kweno')

Turn it around: komee' unee'teuk

TURN OVER (to be turned on ones belly or side; animate and inanimate): oy'metuhk

Turn it on its belly, put it face downward: oy'metuhk wukwuhts

Lying on one's belly: oy'metuhk awvee

TURTLE, DESERT TORTOISE Gopherus agassizii:

1. Aiyuv', aiyu'vuhts, aiyah

Turtle who used to be: aiyahv'ookaip

2. Pekai

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS (Eng. two bits): too'veets

TWINS: numunk'ooseng

TWISTING IT, TURNING IT: chukoyn'o kweenkuk

I'm twisting it (used when twisting a hide): chukwee'unuk

TWO: wa'ai', wa'ai'uhnee, wa'ai'oonee, wawk'

UGLY, AWFUL, DANGEROUS:

1. Yah'vuhnee, yahv'eeng

Getting ugly: yahv'eeng toowud'uhnee (this word can also mean dangerous in the same Manner as ugly in English)

2. Not pretty: kaw peun'ungwu

UNCLE, GREAT UNCLE:

Paternal uncle: ain

Maternal uncle: kootseen, koots, hoakoyn, oakween

UNDER, UNDERNEATH (see below)

UNDERSTAND, KNOW, LEARN: poochoo'chookwai, pooch'ukwai

I don't understand: kawchoo'kwun poochoo'choo kwawngwai

What do you know?: empuh'uk poochoo'ukwai?

UNDULATING, ROLLING (as in rolling hills): tsoakoam', soakoam'

UNEVEN, NOT LEVEL, AT AN ANGLE: skeemp'took, sekeem'etook

UNFAMILIAR: wuhgai'ook, wuhkai'ook (something you haven't seen for a long time and do not recognize).

UNFEIGNED (see openly)

UNLOAD: mumowm' engkwuk'w, mumum'ekwuk

UNRIPE, RAW: sawngkawd

UNTANGLE:

Untangle it: chupuhn'ekeen kuhuk

UNTIE, UNDO, TURN LOOSE (to): sitoop', sitoop'ungkwai

untie him or her: sitoop'ungwung, sitoop'ung

UNWRAP: mawduh'penup

UP: toohoon'toh, tuh'

UPON (see on)

UPRAISED HANDS: muntsaw'

URINATE: se-ee'

I haven't urinated yet: kauh'suh se-eeng'wais

I'm going to go urinate: se-ee' whaivaw'neun

Urinated on himself: nawsee'ku

URINE: se-eep'

US, WE (speaker and hearer): nuhm'ee, tdum

You and I: tum'evuhts

UTAH (Eng. Utah): yoo'tu

VAGINA:

1. Wuhhump'ee, wuhguhts', wuhkuh'

2. Tompo'kweev (the badger's way of saying vagina in a legend)

VAINLY, FUTILELY, UNAVAILING, UNYIELDING: uh-'

To futilely get mad: uh' nungai'etseek

VALLEY (big valley with mountains on each side): paw'noouhunt

VALLEY, HOLE, DIP, DENT, DEPRESSION (any bowl-shaped depression): koyyoa'koytch

VANILLA: too'kwawcheech

VAPOR, STEAM, HEAT WAVES: awsoa-

The heat waves of fire: na'aip'awsoa'kwaiv, na' aip' oahoa'hoy

VARIOUS (see separately)

VERY (see true)

VICKS: spuh'eyunts

VIRGIN: yoho'nait (lit, never had intercourse)

VIRTUOUS: aw'tai peyung (lit, good mother)

VISOR ON CRADLEBOARD: moopu'chu

VOMIT: peveetunee

I'm vomiting: pevee'tuneun

VULTURE (turkey vulture): wekoomp'uts, wek'w

WAD SOME PAPER UP INTO A BALL (to): mawmun'tsoho-aw mawmun'chohouk

WAGER, BET: too'kwu

WAGON (Eng. wagon): wai'kenu

WAIL: toodoo'ekee ya-haw'num

WAIST, LOWER BACK: pechok'wee

Hairy waist: poo-oo'whechok

WAIT:

1. Mawnchoo'aikai

Wait for me: munchoo'aikayn

Wait for him: mawnchoo'aik ung

2. Not yet, still not: kawchoos'

WAKE UP, AWAKEN:

1. Tawpuhn'ee

Wake up again: tawpuhn'esu

Woke up again: tawpuhn'e kuntus

2. Wake up: puhneng'oa

WALK, TRAVEL, GO: pakhai-, pa-hai'nee

I'm walking: pa-hai'un

walking: pakhaing'oowai

I'm going to travel: pa-haing' kwayvaw'nin

I'm going to go away: nuh pa-hain'ee kwayvawnin, pa-hai'ne kwayvawnee

walking around on foot: numpaw' va-hai'nee

A walker: pa-hai'chum

WALKING AROUND DOING, MOVING ABOUT DOING: -vuhduh'ee. (chasing around or going All over from place to place).

Going about doing: oonee'vuhduhee

WALL, SIDE, SLOPE: paiyaw', paiuv' (this word can refer to any kind of a wall such as a cliff, the sky, etc.)

House wall: kawnee'paiyahuhk

WANT (see like)

WAR BONNET: wuhsee'u kai'chu-hots (lit, feather hat)

WAR PAINT: oampee', oamp, oopmee

WAR: nawhoo'kwee (lit, to shoot reciprocally)

WARBLER, MYRTLE Dendroica coronata: toanchoa'noych

WARM: yoowaw'dai

Make him warm: yoowai'utee mung

WART: chuhuts'

WASH, SWIM, BATHE:

1. Nawvuk'

washing up: nawvu 'chuhaw

2. (Eng. wash): waw'see

WASHAKIE: wuh'saikeek

WASHBASIN:

1. Moa'-oh' vawduhge nump (lit. hand washing thing)

2. Nawvu'duhge nump (lit, washing thing) Koosharem

3. Nawvu'duhge ohots (lit, washing bowl) Koosharem

4. Nawvuck'enump (lit, washing thing)

WATCH OUT, BEWARE: yah' puhnekaik'

WATER: pah, pah'su

WATER BABY (a mythical water being the size of a baby): paingu'peets

WATER CRESS Nasturtium officinale: pahmuhmp'

WATERFALL: pawsodo'do

WATER HOLE, RAIN TANK (a catch basin in a rock):

1. Peku'voats

2. Paw enaw'hawdee (lit. water-in-sitting)

WATER JUG: oachuts', oatch', oats'

My water jug: oachawn'

WATER MELON (Eng. melon): maw'dunts

WATER SNAKE: pah' toho'uv

WAVE YOUR HAND (to): mawntsu'vai, mawnchaw'vai

Waving your hand: mawnchaw'doy

WAY, PATH, MANNER, THIS WAY: poo'paw

That's the way it's done: poopawk'tuhkain

WE, US, OUR:

1. Nuhm'ee

2. (Dual) tdum'

3. (Three or more): tdung'w

WEAK, SOFT (see soft):

1. Yoomee'kai

One who is weak: yoomee'kawduhm

2. Not strong: kaw suh'uh'ait

WEAN: pechuh'mup

WEAR (see put it on)

WEARING OUT, RAGGED (see ragged): waing

It's wearing out: waing'wuhchuk

WEASEL: pawvee'tseets

WEAVE, BRAID (to weave a rug, basket or hair): sevo'kawdo

WEIGHTY (see heavy)

WELL DONE (to cook something well done): koapuh'chu-haik'u

Cook it well done: koapeech'ukaikeuk

WEST: tahvai'yowk engwee’tuhk (lit. sunset direction)

WEST WIND: paw'num

WESTERN YARROW Achillea millefolium: oychu' kwawseev (lit. squirrel tail)

WET: pahchuk'weku

Is it wet?: pahchuk'we kaiuduk?

WHAT:

1. Hunee', unee'

What are you doing?: hun'eku?

What are you going to do?: hun'evuts? hun'evu?

What did he do to you?: huneng'wuhchungum?

What did you say?: hun'eaik?

What did he say?: hun'eung aik?

What did I say?: hun'eun aik?

What happened?: hun'engkwunt?

What are you thinking?: huneuk'eunu? huneuk' kaweneu?

What do you say?: what do you say about it? what do you want to do? huneevut'seaik?

What should we do?: hun'ee vawdum?

2. Eempuh'?: eemp'?

What is that?: eempuhdai'?

What do you say (want)?: eempu'u aik?

What is it?: eempuh'uhd?

WHAT IS THE NAME?: unineeu'hunt?

What is your name?: unineeu'hunt uhm?

WHAT KIND? WHAT SORT? WHICH? WHO?: eneents'? (animate)

What kind are you?: een'udain?

Whom? which ones?: eneeng'?

What kind?: een'udai?

Maybe it's some kind, it might be something: soov enee'sump

2. Hawd'o udu? (inanimate)

What kind of car does he have?: hawd'o udu awdum'peid uhunt?

3. Haw'tunee?: (Koosharem)

What kind are you?: haw'tainum udai?

WHAT SIZE? HOW BIG?: huvai'tuh muhnee?

WHAT'S HIS NAME, WHATCHA MACALLEM: uhng'kwai

WHAT'S THE MATTER?: hun'eng?

What's the matter with you?: hun'eng wuhchu?

What's the matter with it?: hu'neng wuhchuk?

WHAT'S ON YOUR MIND?: huneud'onee eem?

WHEN?: hunok'w?

WHEEL: yoo'-oo'uk (from yoo'-oo' leg)

WHERE?:

1. Hu'vuh?

Where?: hu'vawnt?

Where?: hu'vawntuh?

Where is he?: hu'vawngw?

Where are you?: u-hu'vaw ninee?

2. Ai'tawk (to ask where something or somebody went after they disappeared suddenly)

Where did it disappear?: aitawk'?

Where is it then?: aitawk'oovai?

Where did he disappear?: aitawng' wuhchung?

Where is he?: ai'tawng oong wus'oong?

3. Oovai?

Where’s your pair?: nawvuh'um uhd oo'vai?

WHERE ARE YOU GOING?:

1. Haw'do kwainik'?

2. Haw'pawchah?

WICH?: (see what kind) awhaw'duh? haw'duh? hawd?

Which side?: hu'nunkwup?

Which way?: haw'paw?

Which one?: awhawd oodoo'ai?

WHIP (see hit)

WHIP-POOR-WILL OR COMMON POOR-WILL Caprimulgus ridgwayi: or Phalaenoptilus nuttallii pawnu'hoytch

WHIRLING: koodoo'doo

WHIRLPOOL: wekweenk'oopaw

WHIRLWIND, GHOST: unoo'peets

WHISKERS, BEARD: monchov' monchok'

Your whiskers: moncho'um

WHISKEY (Eng. whiskey): wee'sekee

WHISPER:

1. Oku'soa mai

2. Awk'so umpawhai

WHISTLE (a musical instrument): koosoo'kwe nump

WHISTLE (to whistle with the mouth): koosoo'kwee

WHITE EARTH PAINT: oaveemp'

WHITE INDIAN: Nengwoo' Mawduh'kawts (lit. Indian-American)

WHITE MAN: hai'ko (of Mojave derivation and only used at Moapa, Pahrump, Las Vegas and Among the Chemehuevis). (See American)

WHITE SPINED CLARET CUP HEDGEHOG Echinocereus melanacanthus: ovu'gawv

WHITE TAILED DEER: chigoos', chegoop', chegoots'

WHITE TAILED SQUIRREL (found in the Kaibab mountains): ohon' tawvawts

WHITE: tosaw'hawd

White one: tosaw'hawdum

WHITTLE: weuhd'u

WHITTLED STICK (a personal name): Taioo'soov

WHO? (see what kind): ung? ung'ai?

Who is it?: ung uhdai'?

WHY?: hun'ehu?

WIDE, BROAD: ungwaw'no

Wide one: ungwu'nud

It's wide: ungwawn'tuhnee

WIFE: pengwu-'

My wife: pengwun

To have a wife: pengwu'hunt

WIGGLE: pekweech'ookoy

WIGGLE THE PELVIS IN SEX (to), HUMPING: wayno'mee

WILD ONION Allium:

1. Koongkuv' (Koosharem)

2. Kwechus'eev

WILD PARSLEY Ligusticum porteri: pawkoov', pawgoov'

WILD PEPPERMINT Mentha piperita and canadensis: pawkoa'nunump, pawwhaw'nunump

WILD RASPBERRY Rubus idaeus: nuhaw' wunawtump (lit, mountain sheep penis)

WILD ROSE Rosa woodsii: seump'eev, cheump'eev

WILD RYE Elymus triticoides: wawv'

WILDCAT: tookoo'puhts

WILLOW Salix exigua: kawnuv'

WILSON SNIPE Capella gallinago: koeet'

WIN, BEAT (see kill): kwawng'w, kwaw-oong'

WIND, BLOWING: nuhud'

Starting to blow: nuhu'deent

WINDBREAK: kwuhtok'weuveung (lit. to head off)

WINE, LIQUOR: uhvuh'upah (lit, bad water)

WING: we'kee'vu, we'keev'

WINK, ONE EYED: onchok'

Looking with one eye: onchok'we vuhneku

WINNOWER, ROASTING TRAY:

1. Tawkoy'oa

2. Poowu'nump

WINTER, AGE: torn, to'-om'

How old are you?: huno'paiuk toamuhnk'ee? (lit, how many winters are you?)

How old is he?: huno'paiuk toamuhng'kawduhm?

WINTER-FAT, WHITE SAGE Eurotia lanata: pawvee'cheev

WIPE IT CLEAN: wawtuh'chuk, wawtoo'tsuk

WIPE: mawduhts', maw'o'nai

Wipe it: mawduh'chuk

What you wiped: maw'un'um

Wipe the snot: moopee'kee mawd

wipe my snot: moopeek'ee mawun'

WIRE (Eng. wire): wai'u

WISE (see smart)

WISH (see like)

WITCH DOCTOR (one who uses his supernatural powers to do evil to others): nuhntuh'ku (Moapa)

WITH (see and):

1. Emuk (inanimate)

With this: eenchuh' awmuhuk

2. -Ungwu, -engwu

With the dog: sawdeets' ung ungwu

With whom?: eenee' eng'wu?

WITHOUT, NOT HAVING: -ait

Without a home: kaw kawnee'ait

Not having school: kaw school'e kawngwait

WITHOUT RELATIONS:

Tuhduh'ukuhts, tuhduh'ukuhts kaieng'wait

A person with no relations: tuh'duhaits

WOLF:

1. Kwetoo 'unuv (lit, master wolf)

2. Peah'suhnuv (lit, big coyote)

3. God (the wolf is associated with God among the Southern Paiute): Toovuts

WOLFBERRY Lycium andersonii or Lycium torreyi: oo-oop'

WOMAN, LADY: mumowts'

Women: mumowm

WOOD, FIREWOOD, STICK: kookwup'

WOODPECKER (collectively): oavee' toapoa'neench. (lit, wood pecker?)

WOOD TICK (see tick)

WORK (Eng. work): wuh'ukai

WORM: toowee' toho'uv (lit, earth snake)

WORN OUT (see ragged)

WOULD (see could)

WOUND (see sore)

WRAP (see tie and coil): mawhoan'tuhvuk

WRECKED (see accident)

WRINGING IT OUT (see thresh):

1. Moahoy'chengwuk, moahoy'cheoo'wengwuk

2. Wekweech'oonaiuk (lit, wringing the water out by twisting with a stick)

WRINKLED (to sit on something and wrinkle it): tawsu'mungkuhk

WRINKLED FACE: tsaw'kovuku

WRIST: mungwee'chohom

WRITE (to): po'-oh'

What is written: po'-ohp'

He is writing: mung po'-ohd'

WRONG ONE (see different)'

YAMPA, WILD CARAWAY Perideridia gairdneri: yump

YEA BECAUSE, FORASMUCH, SURELY, DOUBTLESS: tihdee'yung, tuh'deyungw, tuhdee'yung whaiyuh (An expression used in affirming something that someone else might have had doubts about or expressing something that should have happened.)

Surely! make him sit down: tuhdee'yung kawduh'teung

Doubtless you were going to say something: aing'oompawtsaing tuhdee'yungw

YEARLING DEER: yuhkoots'

YELL, HOLLER, SHOUT:

1. To cry out in fear: kwawdu'vai

2. To shout: wawung'ee

YELLOW: o-aw'kawdu, o-aw'

YELLOW JACKET: whechun'ukawmoont

YES:

1. Uh'-uhng', uh'-uh'

2. Huhvuh' (Moapa)

YESTERDAY: kuh'ung'

YOU:

1. Eem, uhm

Your turn: emee' kwin

2. Huhm (Moapa)

YOUNG MEN (in the teens): ai'vum

YOUNGER BROTHER: chukaits'

YOUNGEST, LAST:

Last daughter: penu'pawchoom

Youngest daughter: penu'puhts

YOUR (see you)

YOURS: oodoo'unum

YOURSELF, JUST YOU: emee'sump

YUCCA, NARROW-LEAF Yucca utahensis and probably baileyi: chumuv'eep

YUCCA Yucca baccata: oos'eev

Stalk of the yucca: ovweep'

IDIOMS

Webster's dictionary classifies an idiom as "an expression in the usage of a language, that is peculiar to itself either in grammatical construction or in having a meaning that cannot be derived as a whole from the conjoined meanings of its elements." The following examples do not have any English equivalents and are therefore easier to list with the Indian word first, followed by an explanation of it's meaning.

TOOMEE'

A woman's child will cry a lot when the mother is expecting another baby. This condition is called Toomee'

MUNUH'KEE

This word describes a healing practice wherein the index finger is stuck down a baby's throat to depress a lump of mucous. This practice is explained under beliefs.

TOOMU'KUNT

This word refers to being roasted under the ground if discussing meat or plants, but concerning women it refers to a practice that Paiute women followed after delivering a baby. They would lie upon a protecting layer of sand over a heated bed of rocks to stimulate blood circulation. This practice is discussed under Paiute beliefs

PAWTAWNG'

The noise made when a falling object lands.

CHUHNGUD'

For a smell to stick with you.

TAWKOY'VOOP

For another to press down on a pregnant woman's belly, from behind, to aid her in giving birth

KWOEEM'UHNG, KWOEE' TUHMAI'UNG

A practice wherein a disobedient child is placed in some thick smoke to induce him to mind. (Edrick Bushhead, Shivwits.)

PAWNOA’WENG, PAWNAW'OWAY

A practice wherein a disobedient child is placed in the snow to help induce him to mind.

(Edrick Bushhead, Shivwits.)

TAWVUT"SEKAIU, TAWVUTS'EAI

The feeling that a two to three-month-old baby has when it senses its mother has been unfaithful. As a child gets older it becomes stronger and no longer cries in such circumstances. This word doesn't apply when the father is unfaithful.

COUNTING

Many people believe that American Indians were limited in their ability to count. Anyone familiar with Indian languages knows this limitation to be a fallacy. W. C. Eels in his Number Systems of the North American Indians studied many North American and Eskimo languages and demonstrated that most could count higher than many people thought. On page 208 he states:

“The Indians of the eastern United States who stand comparatively high intellectually, could use their numerals to 10,000 and their systems were such as to admit of indefinite expansion, one billion for instance being expressed as 1,000 x 1,000 x 1,000. The Winnebago’s are said to use their numerals as high as one million. Indefinite and countless numbers they represent by the terms "leaves on the trees," "stars of the heavens," "blades of grass on the prairie," "sand on the lake shore." The Crows do not count above a thousand, as they say honest people have no use for higher numerals.”

When the following Southern Paiute counting system is studied it will be seen that this system is also designed so that numbers beyond 1000 could be used if necessary. Martineau never asked if this was done and now no one is left alive with the knowledge to answer this question. In the natural world of the Paiutes where they had no money, they would seldom have the need to count very high, but they could if the need arose.

COUNTING ONE TO TEN.

1. Soo'ee, soo'kos, soo'yus.

2. Wai, wawk, wa-ai'oonee (lit, two of them).

3. Pai, paik, pu'ai'oonee (lit, three of them).

4. Wachuhng'wee.

5. Munuh'kee (lit, all) referring to all five fingers of one hand.

6. Navai'.

7. Navaik' uvawt (lit, over six).

8. Wa'ong' wachuhng'wee (lit, two fours).

9. Soowaw' toaho' mawsoo'weinee (lit, nearly all the fingers).

10. Toaho' mawsoo'weinee (lit, all the fingers). (Toaho prnounced Tah-hoh)

On all numbers ending from 11 to 19 either of the following words may be used on the end of the number: speeng'wuhunt, or speengk'oowuhunt. This word means to stick out, to be over, above, or beyond, and refers to numbers beyond ten to the number nineteen. These words also refer to numbers from one to nine following twenty, thirty, forty, and so on. Another word that is sometimes used instead of speengk'oowuhunt is puhu'hunt (lit, put with it). For example, one hundred and ten is sooko moa' toaho mawsuh puhu'hunt (lit, one hand and all the fingers put with it).

11. Toaho mawsoo'weinee soo'kos speengk'oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and one beyond).

12. Toaho mawsoo'weinee wawk speengk'oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and two beyond).

13. Toaho mawsoo'weinee paik speengk'oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and three beyond).

14. Toaho mawsoo'weinee wachuhng'wee speengk' oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and four beyond).

15. Toaho mawsoo 'weinee munuhk'ee speengk'oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and five beyond).

16. Toaho mawsoo'weinee navaik speengk'oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and six beyond).

17. Toaho mawsoo'weinee navaik uvawt speengk'oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and over six beyond).

18. Toaho mawsoo'weinee' wa'ong' wachuhng'we speengk'oowuhunt (lit, all the fingers and two fours beyond).

19. Toaho mawsoo'weinee soowaw toaho mawsoo'weinee speengk'oowuhunt (lit. all the fingers and nearly all the fingers beyond).

20. Wa'u' mawsoo'weinee or wa-ai mawsoo'weinee (lit, two tens).

21. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee sookos speengk'oowuhunt (lit. two tens and one beyond).

22. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee wawk speengk' oowuhunt (lit, two tens and two beyond).

23. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee paik speengk' oowuhunt (lit. two tens and three beyond).

24. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee wachuhng'wee speengk' oowuhunt (lit, two tens and four

beyond).

25. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee munuhke speengk'oowuhunt (lit, two tens and five

beyond).

26. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee navaik speengk'oowuhunt (lit, two tens and six beyond).

27. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee navaik uvawt speengk'oowuhunt (lit, two tens and over

six beyond).

28. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee wa'ong wachuhng'we speengk'oowuhunt (lit, two tens and

two fours beyond).

29. Wa'u mawsoo'weinee soowaw toaho mawsoo'weinee speengk' oowuhunt (lit, two

tens and nearly all the fingers beyond).

30. Pai mawsoo'weinee (lit, three tens).

31. Pai mawsoo'weinee soo'kos speengk' oowuhunt (lit, three tens and one beyond).

From one to nine in the thirties to the nineties is the same as shown above for the twenties.

40. Wachuhng'wee mawsoo'weinee (lit, four tens).

50. Munuhk'ee mawsoo'weinee (lit, five tens).

60. Navaik mawsoo'weinee (lit, six tens).

70. Navaik uvawt mawsoo'weinee (lit, seven tens).

80. Wa'ong wachuhng'wee mawsoo'weinee (lit, eight tens).

90. Soowaw toaho mawsoo'weinee mawsoo'weinee (lit, nine tens).

The word for ten (toaho mawsoo'weinee) becomes the word for one hundred when preceded with a number from one to ten (soo'ee toaho mawsoo'weinee). A much shorter way of saying one hundred is to say soo'ko moa (lit, one hand). This is sometimes abbreviated to soo' moa. Martineau said he once heard the word soo'yus mawsuh (one finger) used for one hundred but it doesn't seem to be well known today. This might have come from the Ute sign language where one dollar (one hundred pennies) is made by placing the right extended index in the palm of left hand. In expressing numbers beyond one hundred, like one hundred and one, give the number for one hundred and then the word for one.

The word for 1000 was not recorded back in the early days but, it would probably be a hundred hundreds unless the Utah and Arizona Paiutes had their own word like the Chemehuevis.

100. Soo'ee toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, one and all the fingers). Soo'ko moa (lit, one

hand).

200. Wawk toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, two and all the fingers). Wawk'o moa (lit.

two hands).

300. Paik toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, three and all the fingers).

400. Wachuhng 'wee toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, four and all the fingers).

500. Munuh'kee toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit. five and all the fingers).

600. Navaik toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, six and all the fingers).

700. Navaik uvawt toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, over six and all the fingers).

800. Wa'ong wachuhng'wee toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, two fours and all the

fingers).

900. Soowaw toaho mawsoo 'weinee toaho mawsoo'weinee (lit, almost all the fingers

and all the fingers).

MOAPA, LAS VEGAS, & CHEMEHUEVI COUNTING

These bands counted the same except for seven, eight, nine, ten, and one hundred.

1. Soo'ee

2. Wa-ai

3. Pa-ai

4. Wachuh'

5. Munuhk'

6. Navai

7. Mookwis

8. Na'awnts'yoogwee

9. Yooweep

10. Mawsuh'

100. Mawsoo'weinee mawsuh

1,000. Chawpeed'eun

SENTENCES

The following sentences were recorded by Martineau in the 1950s to help understand sentence structure. They are presented here to help the reader do the same thing. The majority of these examples were given nu his wife Doris Kanosh from Koosharem.

That's the way it is: Uhdu'vuhts

Forget them: Naw suhmai'um

I'm not going to do it: Kawchoo' oonee'vungwainee

I'm just asking: Nawvus'oon tooveeng'oongwu

Where are you going?: Eem haw'pawmpawnt?

I can't do it: Kawchuh'koon oonee'vungwainee

I'm not going to do it: Kawtsuk'un oonee'vungwainee

What are you sitting there thinking about?: Hun'eu kawdee'neu?

Where do you think you're going?: Haw'pawm pawneudu?

How do I sing?: Hun'eun kai?

Are you going to be here?: Evahn evaw'neudu?

Let me kiss you: Pechuh'upawm

Will you be my wife?: Nuh'nee udu pingwud' oo vawnee?

Where does your mother live? (where is your mother's land?): Hu'vu peum

tooveep'uh ugunt?

Where is your father's house?: Hu'vu mooum' kawnee'gunt?

You say that because you’re going to get mad: Nungai'evuts aing'oomee

Do it just like this: Munee'sumpuk

Do it like this: Munee'uk

Still sitting here: Evai'unees unee'unee kawdee

That's what I said: Mai'nuhgwaik

Doing nothing but walking around: Nawvus' pawhai'negu

What are you thinking about?: Hunuk'eunu?

I'm not thinking: Kawchoon' soomai'newainee

Are you tired?: Kawchoo'unchudu?

I do not drink: Nuh kaw eveeng'wait

I'm sick: Nawhum'ee unchun

Is it hot? Kuhchuhng'euduk u'?

I'll do it: Oonee'umpawn

Those two are cussing each other (dual): Nunung'umai uhm

They're cussing each other (more than two): Nunung'umai kaioom

Those two are arguing: Nawyuch'umai oom

More than two are arguing: Nawvuch'umai kaioom

I never saw him: Kaw puhnee'u wupawn

Maybe he's around here: Soov evu oonin'eech

That's what you're going to eat: Tuhkaw'vawnum

A car's coming down: Awdum'peid pununk'wawhai

Do you want a drink?: Evee'oom pawd u'?

His name: Oong'wai neum'

God our father: God Mooun'um

In Jesus's name: Oongwai Jesus neu'vawntuhk

To see what he could do: Puhnee'kai whaingwuhts'ee

Get me some water: Pai'nun kuhkain

Strangers are not there: Koomunts'ee kaw awvung' wu

John has blue eyes: John sawwhaw' pooee'kunt

I have blue eyes: Nuh' sawwhaw' pooee'kunt

John has big feet: John peow' numpaw'hunt

I have big feet: Nuh' peow numpaw'hunt

I have a big head: Nuh' peow' totsee'kunt

He has a big head: Mung peow' totsee'kunt

It's his house: Mungai udu kawn

My house: Nuh'nai kawn

Our house (dual): Nuhmuh'ee kawn

Our house (three or more): Tdung'we kawn

Our house (dual): Tdum'ee kawn

Their house: Mawmuh kawn

Your house: Uhmuh'ee kawn

She's his daughter: Mung'ai pawtsuh'ung

She's my daughter: Nuh'nai pawtsuhn'

She's their daughter: Mawmuh pawtsuh'ung

Our daughter (dual): Tdum'ee pawts

Our houses: Tdung'wee kawng kawn

Their houses: Mawmuh kawng kawn

I have a cat: Nuh kedeek'ee voongkoo'kwunt

I have a horse: Nuh' kuvaw voongkoo'kwunt

I have some horses: Nuh' kuvaw' voongkoong'ookwunt

I have some babies: Nuh' pe'soang'ookwunt

I have a knife: Nuh' we-eets'ekunt

I have a lot of knives: Nuh' awvawn'utuhnee weets'ekunt

I have two knives: Nuh' wawk'w we-eets'ekunt

He has two knives: Mung wawk'w we-eets'ekunt

I have a hat: Nuh' kai'choho kwunt

Get my purse: Kuhuhnk'kuhukun purse'enud

Get your purse: Kuh'uk purse' eem ud, purse'eem ud kuhuh'

Get our purse: Kuh'uk purse'ee tdum ud

Get his purse: Kuh'uk purse'ee ung ud

Get their purse: Kuh'uk purse'ee um ud

Go get my purse purse: Kuhuhnk'kuh kwaing oan, purse'een ud kuhuhnk'kuh

kwaingwu.

Go get your purse: Purse' eemud kuhuh'kwaingwu

Go get his purse: Purse'ee ung ud kuhuh'kwaingwu

Go get our purse: Purse'ee tdum ud kuhuh' kwaingwu

Go get my shoes: Pawtsun'ud kuhuh'kwaingwu

Go get my scissors: Scissors een'ud kuhuhnk'kuh kwaingwu, scissors kuhuhnk'kuh

It's getting dark: Tookwud' eoompawn'euk

It's getting noon: Toahoy' tahvai eoompawn'euk

I'm getting tired: Kawtsoong'oom paw'neun

Are you getting tired?: Kawtsoong'oom paw'neud u'?

Are you getting old?: Naw'poodekee udu?

Are you getting sleepy: Awpuh'eng wuh'ee udu?

Are you getting hungry?: Tuhkuh'eai aydu?

Go home!: Paiay'kwaing oa!

They're going home (dual): Paiyuh'kwaium

Go home! (more than two): Pawnaw'kwaiuk

I'm going home: Nuh paiyuh'kwaivawnt

Let's go home (dual): Paiyoo'kwai vawdum

Let's go home (more than two): Pawnaw'ok kwai vawdung, pawnaw'kwai vawdum

We're going home (dual): Nuhm paiyuh'kwai vawntuhm

We're going home (more than two): Nuhm panaw'ok kwai uhmpawnt'uhm

Let's go home: Yuh'dum paiyuh'kwaivu

Go get me some water: Puain'kuhuhnk' kuh kwaing'oan

Here's your water you asked for: Eyun'uk paain' eem ud

When are we going home: Huhnok'o tdung panaw'ok kwaivawnee?

One man: Soo'yus tungwuts

Two men: Wai'yuhnee tungwuts'eng

Make her cry: Yawhaw'teung

Don't make her: Cry kawtsung' yawhaw'teup

Just let her cry: Yawhaw'vawsump ung

Let her stay: Kawduh'vung

Just let her stay: Kawduh'vawsump ung

Let her eat: Tuhkaw'vungw

Let her play: Keyu'vung

Feed her, make her eat: Tuhkaw'teung

Let her sleep: Awpuh'evung

Where have you been, was it Cedar?: Hu'vaichu paiyoong, Cedar vai u'?

Is she asleep?: Awpuh'eudung u'?

Nothing; just standing listening: Nawvus' nungkawng' wuhnee'ku

She's going to eat: Tuhkaw' whai vawnee ung

I'm going to eat: Nuh tuhkaw'whai vawnee

They're going to eat: Mum tuhkaw' whai vawnee um

I'm going home: Nuh paiay'kwaim pawnee, nuh paiay'kwai vawnee

She's going home: Mung paiyoong' pawnee, mung paiyoo'kwai vawnee

I have younger brothers: Nuh chukaits'eng ookwunt

I have younger sisters: Nuh numeents'eng ookwunt

I have a head: Nuh totsee'kunt

I have a daughter: Nuh pawtsuh'kunt

I have some daughters: Nuh pawtsuhng'oo kwunt

We have daughters: Nuhm pawtsuhng'oo kwunt uhm

We have cats: Nuhm kedee'kee poongkoong' oo kwunt uhm

We have horses: Nuhm kavaw' poongkoong'oo kwunt uhm

We have a house: Nuhm kawnee' kunt uhm

We have a knife: Nuhm we-eet'sekunt uhm

We have a baby: Nuhm pesoa'u kunt uhm

We have some babies: Nuhm pee'soangoo kwunt uhm

They have a house: Mauhm kawnee' kunt uhm

They have a knife: Mauhm we-eets'ekunt uhm

They have a daughter: Mauhm pawtsuh' kunt uhm

You have a knife: Uhm we-eets'ekunt

You have a house: Uhm kawnee'kunt

You have a horse: Uhm kuvaw' voongkoo'kwunt

They have daughters: Mauhm pawtsuhng'oo kwunt uhm

We have a horse: Muhm kuvaw'voongkoo' kwunt uhm

We have some horses: Nuhm kuvaw' voongkoong'oo kwunt uhm

We have a pet bear: Nuhm kweyu'huntuh voongkoo' kwunt uhm

We have pet bears: Nuhm kweyu'huntuh voongkoong'oo kwunt uhm

Your father: Uhmuh'ee mooum'

Your fathers: Muh'nee mooung'wuh um

Our fathers (both of our fathers): Tdum'ee moou'dum

Our fathers (the fathers of three or more of us): Tdung'wee moo'

My kitty: Nuhn'ee kedee'kee voongk

My kitties: Nuh'nee kedee'kee voongkoong

My friends: Nuhn'ee tuhkoov'oong wuhn, nuh'nee tuhkoov'

My grandfather: Nuh'nee tohots'een

My shoe: Nuh'nee pawtsun'

Your shoe: Uhmuh'ee pawtsum'

We have a house (three or more): Tdung kawnee'gunt

We (three of us) have (two) cats: Tdung kedee'kee poongkoong'oo kwunt uhm

Let's go to sleep (plural): Hoakoy' vawdungw, hoakoy'kwai vawdum

Let's go then: Uhvuh'dung weku

I'm done: Toahoyng'wuhnchun

Not that way: Mun'eup

When he eats chili: Chili tuhkung'oots

I'm saying it again: Nuh ai'uhs (this sentence can also mean it's blowing again)

He's there: Oo'vu ninee

Where is John now?: Hu'vaw onin'ee John oong?

Almost frozen: Soowaw' seai'puhku

Are you going to school?: Eem school eed u'?

Are you working?: Eem wuh'ukawd u'?

He said: Mai'puhku

Doing it again: Ooneng'oomee

Got mad again: Nungai'puhkuntus

He's riding the horse: Kuvawng kawduhk'ai nung

Wash it wash: Engoom'pukhai

Didn't go home: Paiyuh'nait

Where is it at?: U-hu'vawk oonee'tseku?

He's a cowboy: Cowboy oonin'ee

John is going to work: John wuhu'kawwhai

Take your shoes that way: Shoes munee'tuh kuhuhts'

After your through washing: Wash emuk'wuhchum

Got scared when you said it: Yah'pawk aing'oots

I'm going to drink it when I get mad: Nungaits' evee'oompawn

Don't eat it when you drop it: Kawchuk' tuhkup oowee'tseuk

He doesn't do it: Kawtch ening'wu

A Mormon was doing it also: Mormon ung oonee'puhkais

That's what he said: Aimee'ung

They had blankets: Moahoy'uhd oodoo'aw puhkunt

They had wagons: Wagons uhduh'duhs

How should it be? How is it going to be?: Hun'eek uh'dawvaw?

He's got hair: Totsee' vuhu kunt

Some Indians do it also: Nengwoo' oonee'puhkuntus oong

Go take it off: Chukween'aw kwaingwuk

Is that what you mean (said)?: Uh'du udaik?

Went through again: Poo'paw puhkais

On the water: Paw' awvawn

Rough skin: Chongkwaw seu'gunt

That's what he said to him: Oongwus' mai'puhkais

Didn't come: Kaw pechuh'puhu

All getting gone: Mawno'nee toopeng'wai

Maybe that's alright: Soov oonee'sump

Just let it be, leave it the way it is: Oonee'sump uk, oodoo'awvaw

Are you going to do it again?: Oonee'umpawsuk u'?

It doesn't start: Kawchuk' start' engwu

Always sitting in the car: Car' enaws kawdee

You ask him: Aioompaw

Say the same to him: Ungus' ai'kos

He's sick: Mung nawhu'meent

Started breathing: Soowawk'aw kuh'puhkunt

He got his breath: Soowaw' kuhuhts' ung

Listening around: Nungkaw' vuhduh'ee

Gathered together in one place: Soo'pawnee nawneech'eku

He likes Indians: Indians'ee ow'suhntee kawduhm

All of them eating: Mawnoh'nee tuhkawts'eng

Always asks to be carried: Uh' yungwee tooveech'ee

Coyote had a daughter: Soonuv'ee pawtsuhm' udu'puhku

They're drinking now: Aiuhv evee'kawdum

Do you mean him?: Oong'wu hai?

He was saying: Oong ai'meung

They went through: Oo'pa-haw

Where did you get that one?: Mu'du hu'vawntu ooneep'?

She has a boyfriend: Boyfriend ee'tseku

Hasn't eaten yet: Kawchoo' tuhkaw'nai sump, kaw tuhkaw'nais

Lot of people pick up something: Kuhkuh'ee ukum, chouk'ai

Doesn't say that: Kaw maing'wait

I was saying: Aing'oomee nuh

Say it the way he says it: Ungu'pus ai'vaw

Which way will it be: U-hun'eek uhdu'vu

Go chop (plural): Chop'ee meyung'weuk

Do it for me: Ooneeng'kuhuk'un

Don't write in those books: Mudu book' eum kaw po-ohk enawk

Are you both ready: Ready engwoon'chudum

Are you ready (plural): Ready' ekow-oong'chudum

That's all I'm going to say: Uh'du sump mai'vawnee

I'm asking again: Maik'usoon

Does John sleep alone?: John nawnoh awpuh'eseech u'?

Tell him no: Kawtch' aiung

More than you: Emee'haw awvaw'nee

Never did anything: Kaw hun'engwait

Sleeping with mom: Mom eng'wai awpuh'ee

By the water: Pai koo'awvai, pai koongwu'vu

Bring her here: Hukai' ung kuhuh'

How dirty are your shoes?: Hun'euk dirty shoes' eemud?

Will say: Ai'vawts

She says that: Ai'kooung

While he is sleeping: Awpuh'ekoom

Do you get cold?: Uhm spai'uhmeent u'?

She's going to get cold: Mung spai'ayvawnt

I'm going to get cold: Nuh spai'ayvawnt

Or is it a week?: Week udoa'?

Don't' sit on that one: Mud'u awvawn' kawduh'vungwu

Did you get hungry?: Uhm tuhkuh'ee yuai'kunt u'?

Be good: Aw'tai oonih'nee

John is working for Greg: John oong Greg'ee wuh'ukawng kuhkwaing'kwunt oong

Don't do anything: Pawhun' unee'kwoup

Should I get it?: Kuhuh' vawduk'un?

Say it only once: Soot'us ook aing'oomeengpu

Going with us: Tdung'we whaingpawnt

Comes back again: Ow'pusump paiay'kee

I have no pair: Kawchun 'nawvuh'u'

Is the same guy still walking around?: Eng'udu toahoy'pawhain'eus?

To you: Uhmuh'ee dookw

Give me the salt and pepper: Salt and pepper'ud nuhdook'

That one also: Udoo'tus

Water Baby's house: Paingu'peetsee kawneng'

John is going to look like that when he gets old, huh?: John naw'poodeech mun

naiah'vai aing'oa?

Can I have it?: Nuh'uk uduv u'?

Say "Cowboy" in Indian: Vuh "Cowboy" Nengwoo' aingoots

As they always say: Ai'kaimenum

As you always say: Uhm'ee ai'meen

Say it like me: Nuh'pus ai'vaw

Where is john at?: Hu'vawng oonih'nee John oong'wai?

Just leave it like that: Munee'sumpuk uneekaivu

I'm not good at finding things anymore: Kaw tooveets' maingwait'us nuh

Took it from me: Kuhunhk'utuhee chukwun

Go and get some from him: Yow'whai ungu'vawchuh ooneets

I'm going to Cedar Cedar: Engwee'took paiyuhm'pawnt

I'm going to the movie: Nuh soo'ee kwaivawnt, nuh soo'ee kwaing'uhmpawnt

Are you going to the movie?: Uhm soo'ee kwaivawnt u'?

Are we going to the show?: Tdum soo' kwaing'uhmpawntuhm u'? Tdum soo'

kwaivawnt u'?

What would you do?: Uhm hun'eeng koop?

What could I do?: Hun'eng kooun?

What could (would) you do?: Uhm hun'eng ookoo?

What could they do?: Hun'eng oongkoo'um?

What could we do?: Hun'eng oongkoo' tdum?

What should I do?: Hun'eng oompawn?

What would we do?: Hun'eng oompaw' tdum?

Where are you?: U-huh'vaw ninee?

Where did it go?: Ai'tawk uhdus?

Giving to him: Congwu'dook

He killed me: Pukawng'oong chungunee

Killed him: Pukawng'oong chungung

Let's all push it: Push ee kaompaw'ekawdum

Until we reach the house: Kawn'ee emun'tuh kwawnee

I got it from this guy: Eng'hai ung-un'took

He said: Aik'ooung, aik'oong

What happened to it?: Ud'u hun'eeoo'puhkunt?

It was green: Sakhwai'enee'ku

Where do you have your house at?: Eem hu'vu kawnee'kaingoomee?

What have you got?: Empuh' uhdoo'ai?

What did he do to you?: Hun'engwuh'chungum?

What did they do to you?: Hun'engwuh chungwum?

What happened to you? What's the matter with you?: Hun'eng wuhchu?

I'm still doing it, I'm at it again: Oonee'kuhsoon

It's alright: Ai'u whaihump

I guess it's the right size: Toahoy awvai'tuhnee uhdus'

What else from there?: Hun' uhduv' oovai?

While your doing that: Muneeng'oopai

Going to sit alone: Naaw'hawduh'vawnt

When he threw it on her: Munchung'wenunts

What did you go do?: Hun'evai'uhgu?

He arrived back home: Paiyuhk uhmuhv peechuh'puhku

Your saying it now: Eem ai'oov ai'muk

When I shave: Shave' engwoot

I'm a banana eater: Banana tuhkud ungus nuh

What does it say?: Hun'eukawk'?

It doesn't say anything: Kawchuk' hunee'ungwu

I came from there walking: Oo'vaiun nawnee'kee pawhainkeku

I won't let you: Nuh kawtchuh' muheneengwhait'evungwainee um

You will be alright in a few minutes: Ai'umpaw few minutes ekaik

A SAMPLE LETTER

I'm writing to you this day:

Po-oh' eun emee'vawchuhk ai'oo tawvawm'.

I'm fine. I'm 'thinking about you. How are you?:

Ai'uhku. Soomai'kai emee. Hawdo'aienee?

How are the Indians now? Are they all right?:

Aioov Nengwoong haw'doawkai? Ai'uhkai u'?

What is John doing?:

John uhdu'vu huneench?

Is he doing something? Maybe he went up town to drink, huh?:

Soo'kopenee nikudung' u'? Soov town' evahnt evee’kwaikunt u'?

It's snowing in the mountains:

Noovu'wai uk kaiv'emunt.

Here, they went to the movies. They have lots of money. But me, I haven't any money:

Evahnt'uhm soo'meai. Tooveets awvawn tuhmpee'kunt uhm. Nuhsu ungus, tuhmpee'aw.

Sometimes I have a little money:

Naaw'kawnos tuhmpeets'ee kaingwuhts.

I buy flour, I buy potatoes, I buy pig meat:

Tooween' nahdoy, whechuhn'ai nahdoy, kooseen tookoo'uv ee nandoai.

Dictated by Clifford Jake with his translation.

EXPRESSIONS

Expression of appraisal: Ayyyyk, (a drawn-out sound).

Expression of being afraid: Uhddow'.

Expression of fear peculiar to the Shivwits: Uhduh'duh.

Expression of pain: Uddow', unow'.

Expression of being cold: Uh yuh'.

Expression of being burned: Uddee', awdduh'.

Expression of Surprise: Aik'kookwai.

Expression given as a result of being teased: Utump'unee.

Expression of repulsiveness: Uhk.

Expression used with children and babies to warn them of something

repulsive like a messy diaper: Kuh.

Expression similar to the English oh oh and whoops: Uhvuhs', uhvuh'skway.

Expression of wonderment and sometimes fear: Muh'ee, uhmuh'ee, uhmuh'eyu, uhmuhee'kway.

Expression of the wonderment of something very cute: Muheyuhn'kuhts.

THE SOUTHERN PAIUTE LANGUAGE DICTIONARY COUNTING SENTENCES IDIOMS EXPRESSIONS

THE SOUTHERN PAIUTE LANGUAGE
DICTIONARY
COUNTING
SENTENCES
IDIOMS
EXPRESSIONS